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Wednesday, 11 November 2026 Judgments, law jobs and study notes, written by a practising advocate
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 · Chapter XXVII: Provisions As To Accused Persons Of Unsound Mind

Section 368 BNSS: Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court

Corresponding CrPC
Section 329 CrPC

Bare Act text

(1) If at the trial of any person before a Magistrate or Court of Session, it appears to the Magistrate or Court that such person is of unsound mind and consequently incapable of making his defence, the Magistrate or Court shall, in the first instance, try the fact of such unsoundness of mind and incapacity, and if the Magistrate or Court, after considering such medical and other evidence as may be produced before him or it, is satisfied of the fact, he or it shall record a finding to that effect and shall postpone further proceedings in the case.

(2) If during trial, the Magistrate or Court of Session finds the accused to be of unsound mind, he or it shall refer such person to a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist for care and treatment, and the psychiatrist or clinical psychologist, as the case may be, shall report to the Magistrate or Court whether the accused is suffering from unsoundness of mind:

Provided that if the accused is aggrieved by the information given by the psychiatrist or clinical psychologist, as the case may be, to the Magistrate, he may prefer an appeal before the Medical Board which shall consist of—

(a) head of psychiatry unit in the nearest Government hospital; and

(b) a faculty member in psychiatry in the nearest Government medical college.

(3) If the Magistrate or Court is informed that the person referred to in sub-section (2) is a person of unsound mind, the Magistrate or Court shall further determine whether the unsoundness of mind renders the accused incapable of entering defence and if the accused is found so incapable, the Magistrate or Court shall record a finding to that effect and shall examine the record of evidence produced by the prosecution and after hearing the advocate of the accused but without questioning the accused, if the Magistrate or Court finds that no prima facie case is made out against the accused, he or it shall, instead of postponing the trial, discharge the accused and deal with him in the manner provided under section 369:

Provided that if the Magistrate or Court finds that a prima facie case is made out against the accused in respect of whom a finding of unsoundness of mind is arrived at, he shall postpone the trial for such period, as in the opinion of the psychiatrist or clinical psychologist, is required for the treatment of the accused.

(4) If the Magistrate or Court finds that a prima facie case is made out against the accused and he is incapable of entering defence by reason of intellectual disability, he or it shall not hold the trial and order the accused to be dealt with in accordance with section 369.

Text as enacted in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (Act No. 46 of 2023), in force from 1 July 2024. Source: India Code, Government of India.

In simple words

If at trial before a Magistrate or Court of Session the accused appears to be of unsound mind and incapable of making his defence, the Court first tries the fact of unsoundness and incapacity. If satisfied after considering medical and other evidence, it records the finding and postpones further proceedings.

Chapter XXVII: Provisions As To Accused Persons Of Unsound Mind

  1. 367 Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind
  2. 368 Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court
  3. 369 Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial
  4. 370 Resumption of inquiry or trial
  5. 371 Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court
  6. 372 When accused appears to have been of sound mind
  7. 373 Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind
  8. 374 Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody
  9. 375 Power of State Government to empower officer in charge to discharge
  10. 376 Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence
  11. 377 Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released
  12. 378 Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend