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Friday, 13 November 2026 Judgments, law jobs and study notes, written by a practising advocate
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 · Order XVIII: Hearing Of The Suit And Examination Of Witnesses

Order XVIII Rule 2 CPC: Statement and production of evidence

Bare Act text

2. Statement and production of evidence.—(1) On the day fixed for the hearing of the suit or on any other day to which the hearing is adjourned, the party having the right to begin shall state his case and produce his evidence in support of the issues which he is bound to prove.

(2) The other party shall then state his case and produce his evidence (if any) and may then address the Court generally on the whole case.

(3) The party beginning may then reply generally on the whole case.

[(3A) Any party may address oral arguments in a case, and shall, before he concludes the oral arguments, if any, submit if the Court so permits concisely and under distinct headings written arguments in support of his case to the Court and such written arguments shall form part of the record.

(3B) A copy of such written arguments shall be simultaneously furnished to the opposite party.

(3C) No adjournment shall be granted for the purpose of filing the written arguments unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded in writing, considers it necessary to grant such adjourment.

(3D) The Court shall fix such time-limits for the oral arguments by either of the parties in a case, as it thinks fit.]

*[(3A) A party shall, within four weeks prior to commencing the oral arguments, submit concisely and under distinct headings written arguments in support of his case to the Court and such written arguments shall form part of the record.

(3B) The written arguments shall clearly indicate the provisions of the laws being cited in support of the arguments and the citations of judgments being relied upon by the party and include copies of such judgments being relied upon by the party.

(3C) A copy of such written arguments shall be furnished simultaneously to the opposite party.

(3D) The Court may, if it deems fit, after the conclusion of arguments, permit the parties to file revised written arguments within a period of not more than one week after the date of conclusion of arguments.

(3E) No adjournment shall be granted for the purpose of filing the written arguments unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded in writing, considers it necessary to grant such adjournment.

(3F) It shall be open for the Court to limit the time for oral submissions having regard to the nature and complexity of the matter.]

[* * * ]

State amendments

Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh (UTs).—

In Rule 2, after sub-rule (3), insert the following sub-rules, namely:- (3A) A party shall, within four weeks prior to commencing the oral arguments, submit concisely and under distinct headings written arguments in support of his case to the court and such written arguments shall form part of the record.

(3B) The written arguments shall clearly indicate the provisions of the laws being cited in support of the arguments and the citations of judgments being relied upon by the party and include copies of such judgments being relied upon by the party.

(3C) A copy of such written arguments shall be furnished simultaneously to the opposite party.

(3D) The court may, if it deems fit, after the conclusion of arguments, permit the parties to file revised written arguments within a period of not more than one week after the date of conclusion of arguments.

(3E) No adjournment shall be granted for the purpose of filing the written arguments unless the court, for reasons to be recorded in writing, considers it necessary to grant such adjournment. (3F) It shall be open for the court to limit the time for oral submissions having regard to the nature and complexity of the matter.

[Vide the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of Central Laws) Order, 2020, vide notification No. S.O. 1123(E) dated (18-3-2020) and vide Union Territory of Ladakh Reorganisation (Adaptation of Central Laws) Order, 2020, Notification No. S.O. 3774(E), dated (23-10-2020)].

Amendment notes

  1. Ins. by Act 22 of 2002, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
  2. Subs. by Act 4 of 2016, s. 16 and Sch., for Sub-rules (3A), (3B), (3C), (3D), 3(E) and 3(F), Shall be applicable to commercial disputes of a specified value (w.e.f. 23-10-2015).
  3. Sub-rule (4) omitted by Act 46 of 1999, s. 27 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).

Text of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act No. 5 of 1908), First Schedule, as amended, including the changes for commercial disputes made by the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. Source: India Code, Government of India.

In simple words

On the day fixed for hearing, the party with the right to begin states his case and produces evidence on the issues he must prove. The other party then states his case, produces any evidence, and may address the Court generally on the whole case. The party beginning may then reply generally. Written arguments may be submitted, concisely under distinct headings and forming part of the record, with a copy to the opposite party; no adjournment is given for filing them unless reasons are recorded, and the Court may limit time for oral arguments. For commercial disputes they are due four weeks before oral arguments. The 2002 amendment inserted these provisions.

Order XVIII: Hearing Of The Suit And Examination Of Witnesses

  1. 1 Right to begin
  2. 2 Statement and production of evidence
  3. 3 Evidence where several issues
  4. 3A Party to appear before other witnesses
  5. 4 Recording of evidence
  6. 5 How evidence shall be taken in appealable cases
  7. 6 When deposition to be interpreted
  8. 7 Evidence under section 138
  9. 8 Memorandum when evidence not taken down by Judge
  10. 9 When evidence may be taken in English
  11. 10 Any particular question and answer may be taken down
  12. 11 Questions objected to and allowed by Court
  13. 12 Remarks on demeanour of witnesses
  14. 13 Memorandum of evidence in unappealable cases
  15. 14 Judge unable to make such memorandum to record reasons of his inability (Omitted)
  16. 15 Power to deal with evidence taken before another Judge
  17. 16 Power to examine witness immediately
  18. 17 Court may recall and examine witness
  19. 17A Production of evidence not previously known or which could not be produced despite due diligence (Omitted)
  20. 18 Power of Court to inspect
  21. 19 Power to get statements recorded on commission