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Friday, 13 November 2026 Judgments, law jobs and study notes, written by a practising advocate
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 · Order V: Issue And Service Of Summons

Order V Rule 25 CPC: Service where defendant resides out of India and has no agent

Bare Act text

25. Service where defendant resides out of India and has no agent.—Where the defendant resides out of [India] and has no agent in [India] empowered to accept service, the summons shall be addressed to the defendant at the place where he is residing and sent to him [or by post or by such courier service as may be approved by the High Court, by fax message or by Electronic Mail service or by any other means as may be provided by the rules made by the High Court], if there is postal communication between such place and the place where the Court is situate:

[Provided that where any such defendant [resides in Bangladesh or Pakistan], the summons, together with a copy thereof, may be sent for service on the defendant, to any Court in that country (not being the High Court) having jurisdiction in the place where the defendant resides:

Provided further that where any such defendant is a public officer [in Bangladesh or Pakistan (not belonging to the Bangladesh or, as the case may be, Pakistan military, naval or air forces)] or is a servant of a railway company or local authority in that country, the summons, together with a copy thereof, may be sent for service on the defendant, to such officer or authority in that country as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.]

Amendment notes

  1. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 15, for certain words (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
  2. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the State”.
  3. Ins. by Act 19 of 1951, s. 2.
  4. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 53, for “resides in Pakistan,” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
  5. Subs. by s. 55, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

Text of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act No. 5 of 1908), First Schedule, as amended, including the changes for commercial disputes made by the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. Source: India Code, Government of India.

In simple words

Where the defendant resides outside India and has no agent in India empowered to accept service, the summons is addressed to him at his residence and sent to him if there is postal communication. It may go by post, approved courier, fax, electronic mail or other means in High Court rules. Provisos deal with defendants in Bangladesh or Pakistan, allowing summons to be sent to a Court there, and with public officers or railway or local authority servants.

Order V: Issue And Service Of Summons

  1. 1 Summons
  2. 2 Copy of plaint annexed to summons
  3. 3 Court may order defendant or plaintiff to appear in person
  4. 4 No party to be ordered to appear in person unless resident within certain limits
  5. 5 Summons to be either to settle issues or for final disposal
  6. 6 Fixing day for appearance of defendant
  7. 7 Summons to order defendant to produce documents relied on by him
  8. 8 On issue of summons for final disposal, defendant to be directed to produce his witnesses
  9. 9 Delivery of summons by Court
  10. 9A Summons given to the plaintiff for service
  11. 10 Mode of service
  12. 11 Service on several defendants
  13. 12 Service to be on defendant in person when practicable, or on his agent
  14. 13 Service on agent by whom defendant carries on business
  15. 14 Service on agent in charge in suits for immovable property
  16. 15 Where service may be on an adult member of defendant’s family
  17. 16 Person served to sign acknowledgement
  18. 17 Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found
  19. 18 Endorsement of time and manner of service
  20. 19 Examination of serving officer
  21. 19A Simultaneous issue of summons for service by post in addition to personal service (Omitted)
  22. 20 Substituted service
  23. 20A Service of summons by post (Repealed)
  24. 21 Service of summons where defendant resides within jurisdiction of another Court
  25. 22 Service within presidency-towns of summons issued by Courts outside
  26. 23 Duty of Court to which summons is sent
  27. 24 Service on defendant in prison
  28. 25 Service where defendant resides out of India and has no agent
  29. 26 Service in foreign territory through Political Agent or Court
  30. 26A Summonses to be sent to officers to foreign countries
  31. 27 Service on civil public officer or on servant of railway company or local authority
  32. 28 Service on soldiers, sailors or airmen
  33. 29 Duty of person to whom summons is delivered or sent for service
  34. 30 Substitution of letter for summons