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Saturday, 14 November 2026 Judgments, law jobs and study notes, written by a practising advocate
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 · Order VI: Pleadings Generally

Order VI Rule 15 CPC: Verification of pleadings

Bare Act text

15. Verification of pleadings.—(1) Save as otherwise provided by any law for the time being in force, every pleading shall be verified at the foot by the party or by one of the parties pleading or by some other person proved to the satisfaction of the Court to be acquainted with the facts of the case.

(2) The person verifying shall specify, by reference to the numbered paragraphs of the pleading, what he verifies of his own knowledge and what he verifies upon information received and believed to be true.

(3) The verification shall be signed by the person making it and shall state the date on which and the place at which it was signed.

[(4) The person verifying the pleading shall also furnish an affidavit in support of his pleadings.

*[15A. Verification of pleadings in a commercial dispute.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 15, every pleading in a commercial dispute shall be verified by an affidavit in the manner and form prescribed in the Appendix to this Schedule.

(2) An affidavit under sub-rule (1) above shall be signed by the party or by one of the parties to the proceedings, or by any other person on behalf of such party or parties who is proved to the satisfaction of the Court to be acquainted with the facts of the case and who is duly authorised by such party or parties.

(3) Where a pleading is amended, the amendments must be verified in the form and manner referred to in sub-rule (1) unless the Court orders otherwise.

(4) Where a pleading is not verified in the manner provided under sub-rule (1), the party shall not be permitted to rely on such pleading as evidence or any of the matters set out therein.

(5) The Court may strike out a pleading which is not verified by a Statement of Truth, namely, the affidavit set out in the Appendix to this Schedule.]

Amendment notes

  1. Ins. by Act 4 of 2016, s. 16 and Sch., Shall be applicable to commercial disputes of a specified value (w.e.f. 23-10-2015).
  2. Ins. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).

Text of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act No. 5 of 1908), First Schedule, as amended, including the changes for commercial disputes made by the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. Source: India Code, Government of India.

In simple words

Every pleading must be verified at the foot by the party, or one of the parties, or another person proved to the Court's satisfaction to know the facts. The verifier must specify by paragraph what is verified on personal knowledge and what on information believed true, and sign with the date and place. Under the 1999 amendment, an affidavit in support is also required. For commercial disputes, rule 15A requires verification by affidavit, with consequences for non-verification.

Order VI: Pleadings Generally

  1. 1 Pleading
  2. 2 Pleading to state material facts and not evidence
  3. 3 Forms of pleading
  4. 4 Particulars to be given where necessary
  5. 5 Further and better statement, or particulars (Omitted)
  6. 6 Condition precedent
  7. 7 Departure
  8. 8 Denial of contract
  9. 9 Effect of document to be stated
  10. 10 Malice, knowledge, etc
  11. 11 Notice
  12. 12 Implied contract, or relation
  13. 13 Presumptions of law
  14. 14 Pleading to be signed
  15. 14A Address for service of notice
  16. 15 Verification of pleadings
  17. 16 Striking out pleadings
  18. 17 Amendment of pleadings
  19. 18 Failure to amend after order