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Wednesday, 11 November 2026 Judgments, law jobs and study notes, written by a practising advocate
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 · Chapter XXXII: Reference And Revision

Section 436 BNSS: Reference to High Court

Corresponding CrPC
Section 395 CrPC

Bare Act text

(1) Where any Court is satisfied that a case pending before it involves a question as to the validity of any Act, Ordinance or Regulation or of any provision contained in an Act, Ordinance or Regulation, the determination of which is necessary for the disposal of the case, and is of opinion that such Act, Ordinance, Regulation or provision is invalid or inoperative, but has not been so declared by the High Court to which that Court is subordinate or by the Supreme Court, the Court shall state a case setting out its opinion and the reasons therefor, and refer the same for the decision of the High Court.

Explanation.—In this section, “Regulation” means any Regulation as defined in the General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), or in the General Clauses Act of a State.

(2) A Court of Session may, if it thinks fit in any case pending before it to which the provisions of subsection (1) do not apply, refer for the decision of the High Court any question of law arising in the hearing of such case.

(3) Any Court making a reference to the High Court under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) may, pending the decision of the High Court thereon, either commit the accused to jail or release him on bail to appear when called upon.

Text as enacted in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (Act No. 46 of 2023), in force from 1 July 2024. Source: India Code, Government of India.

In simple words

Where a Court is satisfied that a pending case involves the validity of an Act, Ordinance or Regulation, or a provision of one, whose determination is necessary for disposing of the case, and it considers the provision invalid or inoperative but not yet so declared by the High Court or Supreme Court, it states a case setting out its opinion and reasons and refers it to the High Court.

Chapter XXXII: Reference And Revision

  1. 436 Reference to High Court
  2. 437 Disposal of case according to decision of High Court
  3. 438 Calling for records to exercise powers of revision
  4. 439 Power to order inquiry
  5. 440 Sessions Judge's powers of revision
  6. 441 Power of Additional Sessions Judge
  7. 442 High Court's powers of revision
  8. 443 Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases
  9. 444 Option of Court to hear parties
  10. 445 High Court's order to be certified to lower Court