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Friday, 13 November 2026 Judgments, law jobs and study notes, written by a practising advocate
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 · Order XXXIV: Suits Relating To Mortgages Of Immovable Property

Order XXXIV Rule 4 CPC: Preliminary decree in suit for sale

Bare Act text

4. Preliminary decree in suit for sale.—(1) In a suit for sale, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree to the effect mentioned in clauses (a), (b) and (c) (i) of sub-rule (1) of rule 2, and further directing that, in default of the defendant paying as therein mentioned, the plaintiff shall be entitled to apply for a final decree directing that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and the proceeds of the sale (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) be paid into Court and applied in payment of what has been found or declared under or by the preliminary decree due to the plaintiff, together with such amount as may have been adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest, and the balance, if any, be paid to the defendant or other persons entitled to receive the same.

(2) The Court may, on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before a final decree for sale is passed, extend the time fixed for the payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (1) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.

(3) Power to decree sale in foreclosure suit.—In a suit for foreclosure in the case of an anomalous mortgage, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court may, at the instance of any party to the suit or of any other person interested in the mortgage-security or the right of redemption, pass a like decree (in lieu of a decree for foreclosure) on such terms as it thinks fit, including the deposit in Court of a reasonable sum fixed by the Court to meet the expenses of the sale and to secure the performance of the terms.

(4) Where, in a suit for sale or a suit foreclosure in which sale is ordered, subsequent mortgages or persons deriving title from, or subrogated to the rights of, any such mortgagees are joined as parties, the preliminary decree referred to in sub-rule (1) shall provide for the adjudication of the respective rights and liabilities of the parties to the suit in the manner and form set forth in Form No. 9, Form No. 10 or Form No. 11 as the case may be, of Appendix D with such variations as the circumstances of the case may require.

Text of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act No. 5 of 1908), First Schedule, as amended, including the changes for commercial disputes made by the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. Source: India Code, Government of India.

In simple words

In a suit for sale, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court passes a preliminary decree in the terms of rule 2(1)(a), (b) and (c)(i), further directing that on the defendant's default the plaintiff may apply for a final decree for sale, with the proceeds applied to the amount due and any balance paid to the defendant. The time for payment may be extended on good cause. The Court may decree sale in a foreclosure suit on an anomalous mortgage, and where subsequent mortgagees are parties, the decree adjudicates their rights in the prescribed form.

Order XXXIV: Suits Relating To Mortgages Of Immovable Property

  1. 1 Parties to suits for foreclosure, sale and redemption
  2. 2 Preliminary decree in foreclosure-suit
  3. 3 Final decree in foreclosure-suit
  4. 4 Preliminary decree in suit for sale
  5. 5 Final decree in suit for sale
  6. 6 Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for sale
  7. 7 Preliminary decree in redemption suit
  8. 8 Final decree in redemption suit
  9. 8A Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for redemption
  10. 9 Decree where nothing is found due or where mortgagee has been overpaid
  11. 10 Costs of mortgagee subsequent to decree
  12. 10A Power of Court to direct mortgagee to pay mesne profits
  13. 11 Payment of interest
  14. 12 Sale of property subject to prior mortgage
  15. 13 Application of proceeds
  16. 14 Suit for sale necessary for bringing mortgaged property to sale
  17. 15 Mortgages by the deposit of title-deeds and charges