Bare Act · First Schedule · As on 10 January 2026
CPC First Schedule — Orders XXII to LI
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 · Act No. 5 of 1908
Orders XXII to LI of the First Schedule, verbatim — death, marriage and insolvency of parties, withdrawal and compromise, commissions, suits by and against the Government, minors, indigent persons, mortgages, interpleader, summary procedure, attachment before judgment, temporary injunctions, receivers, appeals, reference, review and the rest.
The Code in six parts
Orders XXII–LI ← you are here
Arrangement of Sections and Orders
The complete official arrangement. Every section and every rule links to its text.
The First Schedule — Orders I to LI
ORDER XXII — Death, Marriage and Insolvency of Parties
Rule 1. No abatement by party’s death if right to sue survives
Rule 2. Procedure where one of several plaintiffs or defendants dies and right to sue survives
Rule 3. Procedure in case of death of one of several plaintiffs or of sole plaintiff
Rule 4. Procedure in case of death of one of several defendants or of sole defendant
Rule 4A. Procedure where there is no legal representative
Rule 5. Determination of question as to legal representative
Rule 6. No abatement by reason of death after hearing
Rule 7. Suit not abated by marriage of female party
Rule 9. Effect of abatement or dismissal
Rule 10. Procedure in case of assignment before final order in suit
Rule 10A. Duty of pleader to communicate to Court death of a party
ORDER XXIII — Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits
ORDER XXVI — Commissions
Commissions to examine witnesses
Rule 1. Cases in which Court may issue commission to examine witness
Rule 3. Where witness resides within Court’s jurisdiction
Rule 4. Persons for whose examination commission may issue
Rule 5. Commission or request to examine witness not within India
Rule 6. Court to examine witness pursuant to commission
Rule 7. Return of commission with depositions of witnesses
Rule 8. When depositions may be read in evidence
Commissions for local investigations
Rule 9. Commissions to make local investigations
and sale of movable property
Rule 10A. Commission for scientific investigation
Rule 10B. Commission for performance of a ministerial act
Rule 10C. Commission for the sale of movable property
Commissions to examine accounts
Rule 11. Commission to examine or adjust accounts
Commissions to make partitions.
Rule 13. Commission to make partition of immovable property
Rule 14. Procedure of Commissioner
General Provisions
Rule 15. Expenses of commission to be paid into Court
Rule 16. Powers of Commissioners
Rule 16A. Questions objected to before the Commissioner
Rule 17. Attendance and examination of witnesses before Commissioner
Rule 18. Parties to appear before Commissioner
Rule 18A. Application of order to execution proceedings
Rule 18B. Court to fix a time for return of Commission
Commissions issued of the instance of Foreign Tribunals
Rule 19. Cases in which High Court may issue commission to examine witness
Rule 20. Application for issue of commission
Rule 21. To whom commission may be issued
Rule 22. Issue, execution and return of commissions, and transmission of evidence to foreign Court
ORDER XXVII — Suits by or Against the Government or Public Officers In
Their Official Capacity
Rule 1. Suits by or against Government
Rule 2. Persons authorised to act for Government
Rule 3. Plaints in suits by or against Government
Rule 4. Agent for Government to receive process
Rule 5. Fixing of day for appearance on behalf of Government
Rule 5A. Government to be joined as a party in a suit against a public officer
Rule 6. Attendance of person able to answer questions relating to suit against Government
Rule 7. Extension of time to enable public officer to make reference to Government
Rule 8. Procedure in suits against public officer
Rule 8A. No security to be required from Government or a public officer in certain cases
Rule 8B. Definitions of “Government” and “Government pleader”
ORDER XXVII-A — Of the Constitution or as to the Validity
ORDER XXX — Suits by or Against Firms and Persons Carrying On
Business in Names Other Than Their Own
Rule 1. Suing of partners in name of firm
Rule 2. Disclosure of partners’ names
Rule 4. Rights of suit on death of partner
Rule 5. Notice in what capacity served
Rule 6. Appearance of partners
Rule 7. No appearance except by partners
Rule 8. Appearance under protest
Rule 9. Suits between co-partners
Rule 10. Suit against person carrying on business in name other than his own
ORDER XXXII — Suits by or Against Minors and Persons of Unsound Mind
Rule 1. Minor to sue by next friend
Rule 2. Where suit is instituted without next friend, plaint to be taken off the file
Rule 2A. Security to be furnished by next friend when so ordered
Rule 3. Guardian for the suit to be appointed by Court for minor defendant
Rule 3A. Decree against minor not to be set aside unless prejudice has been caused to his interest
Rule 4. Who may act as next friend or be appointed guardian for the suit
Rule 5. Representation of minor by next friend or guardian for the suit
Rule 6. Receipt by next friend or guardian for the suit of property under decree for minor
Rule 7. Agreement or compromise by next friend or guardian for the suit
Rule 8. Retirement of next friend
Rule 9. Removal of next friend
Rule 10. Stay of proceedings on removal, etc., of next friend
Rule 11. Retirement, removal or death of guardian for the suit
Rule 12. Course to be followed by minor plaintiff or applicant on attaining majority
Rule 13. Where minor co-plaintiff attaining majority desires to repudiate suit
Rule 14. Unreasonable or improper suit
Rule 15. Rules 1 to 14 (except rule 2A) to apply to persons of unsound mind
ORDER XXXIII — Suits by Indigent Persons
Rule 1. Suits may be instituted by indigent persons
Rule 1A. Inquiry into the means of an indigent person
Rule 2. Contents of application
Rule 3. Presentation of application
Rule 5. Rejection of application
Rule 6. Notice of day for receiving evidence of applicant’s indigency
Rule 8. Procedure if application admitted
Rule 9. Withdrawal of permission to sue as an indigent person
Rule 9A. Court to assign a pleader to an unrepresented indigent person
Rule 10. Costs where indigent person succeeds
Rule 11. Procedure where indigent person fails
Rule 11A. Procedure where indigent person’s suit abates
Rule 12. State Government may apply for payment of court-fees
Rule 13. State Government to be deemed a party
Rule 14. Recovery of amount of court-fees
Rule 15A. Grant of time for payment of court-fee
Rule 17. Defence by an indigent person
Rule 18. Power of Government to provide for free legal services to indigent persons
ORDER XXXIV — Suits Relating to Mortgages of Immovable Property
Rule 1. Parties to suits for foreclosure, sale and redemption
Rule 2. Preliminary decree in foreclosure-suit
Rule 3. Final decree in foreclosure-suit
Rule 4. Preliminary decree in suit for sale. Power to decree sale in foreclosure-suit
Rule 5. Final decree in suit for sale
Rule 6. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for sale
Rule 7. Preliminary decree in redemption suit
Rule 8. Final decree in redemption suit
Rule 8A. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for redemption
Rule 9. Decree where nothing is found due or where mortgagee has been overpaid
Rule 10. Costs of mortgagee subsequent to decree
Rule 10A. Power of Court to direct mortgagee to pay mesne profits
Rule 12. Sale of property subject to prior mortgage
Rule 13. Application of proceeds
Rule 14. Suit for sale necessary for bringing mortgaged property to sale
Rule 15. Mortgages by the deposit of title-deeds and charges
ORDER XXXVII — Summary Procedure
Rule 1. Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply
Rule 2. Institution of summary suits
Rule 3. Procedure for the appearance of defendant
Rule 4. Power to set aside decree
Rule 5. Power to order bill, etc., to be deposited with officer of Court
Rule 6. Recovery of cost of noting non-acceptance of dishonoured bill or note
ORDER XXXVIII — Arrest and Attachment Before Judgment
Arrest before Judgment
Rule 1. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for appearance
Rule 3. Procedure on application by surety to be discharged
Rule 4. Procedure where defendant fails to furnish security or find fresh security
Attachment before Judgment
Rule 5. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for production of property
Rule 6. Attachment where cause not shown or security not furnished
Rule 7. Mode of making attachment
Rule 8. Adjudication of claim to property attached before judgment
Rule 9. Removal of attachment when security furnished or suit dismissed
Rule 11. Property attached before judgment not to be re-attached in execution of decree
Rule 11A. Provisions applicable to attachment
Rule 12. Agricultural produce not attachable before judgment
ORDER XXXIX — Temporary Injunctions and Interlocutory Orders
Temporary injunctions
Rule 1. Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted
Rule 2. Injunction to restrain repetition or continuance of breach
Rule 2A. Consequence of disobedience or breach of injunction
Rule 3. Before granting injunction, Court to direct notice to opposite party
Rule 3A. Court to dispose of application for injunction within thirty days
Rule 4. Order for injunction may be discharged, varied or set aside
Rule 5. Injunction to corporation binding on its officers
Interlocutory orders
Rule 6. Power to order interim sale
Rule 7. Detention, preservation, inspection, etc., of subject-matter of suit
Rule 8. Application for such orders to be after notice
Rule 9. When party may be put in immediate possession of land the subject-matter of suit
ORDER XLI — Appeals from Original Decrees
Rule 1. Form of appeal. What to accompany memorandum. Contents of memorandum
Rule 2. Grounds which may be taken in appeal
Rule 3. Rejection or amendment of memorandum
Rule 3A. Application for condonation of delay
Stay of proceedings and of execution
Rule 5. Stay by Appellate Court. Stay by Court which passed the decree
Rule 6. Security in case of order for execution of decree appealed from
Rule 8. Exercise of powers in appeal from order made in execution of decree
Procedure on admission of appeal
Rule 9. Registry of memorandum of appeal
Rule 11. Power to dismiss appeal without sending notice to Lower Court
Rule 11A. Time within which hearing under rule 11 should be concluded
Rule 12. Day for hearing appeal
Procedure on hearing
Rule 17. Dismissal of appeal for appellant's default. Hearing appeal ex parte
Rule 19. Re-admission of appeal dismissed for default
Rule 20. Power to adjourn hearing and direct persons appearing interested to be made respondents
Rule 21. Re-hearing on application of respondent against whom ex parte decree made
Rule 23. Remand of case by Appellate Court
Rule 23A. Remand in other cases
Rule 24. Where evidence on record sufficient, Appellate Court may determine case finally
Rule 26. Findings and evidence to be put on record. Objections to findings. Determination of appeal
Rule 26A. Order of remand to mention date of next hearing
Rule 27. Production of additional evidence in Appellate Court
Rule 28. Mode of taking additional evidence
Rule 29. Points to be defined and recorded
Judgment in appeal
Rule 30. Judgment when and where pronounced
Rule 31. Contents, date and signature of judgment
Rule 32. What judgment may direct
Rule 33. Power of Court of appeal
Rule 34. Dissent to be recorded
Decree in appeal
Rule 35. Date and contents of decree. Judge dissenting from judgment need not sign decree
Rule 36. Copies of judgment and decree to be furnished to parties
Rule 37. Certified copy of decree to be sent to Court whose decree appealed from
ORDER XLV — Appeals to the Supreme Court
Rule 2. Application to Court whose decree complained of
Rule 3. Certificate as to value or fitness
Rule 6. Effect of refusal of certificate
Rule 7. Security and deposit required on grant of certificate
Rule 8. Admission of appeal and procedure thereon
Rule 9. Revocation of acceptance of security
Rule 9A. Power to dispense with notices in case of deceased parties
Rule 10. Power to order further security or payment
Rule 11. Effect of failure to comply with order
Rule 12. Refund of balance deposit
Rule 13. Powers of Court pending appeal
Rule 14. Increase of security found inadequate
Rule 15. Procedure to enforce orders of the Supreme Court
ORDER XLVI — Reference
Rule 1. Reference of question to High Court
Rule 2. Court may pass decree contingent upon decision of High Court
Rule 3. Judgment of High Court to be transmitted, and case disposed of accordingly
Rule 4. Costs of reference to High Court
Rule 4A. Reference to High Court under proviso to section 113
Rule 5. Power to alter, etc., decree of Court making reference
Rule 6. Power to refer to High Court questions as to jurisdiction in small causes
ORDER XLVII — Review
Rule 1. Application for review of judgment
Rule 3. Form of applications for review
Rule 4. Application where rejected. Application where granted
Rule 5. Application for review in Court consisting of two or more Judges
Rule 6. Application where rejected
Rule 7. Order of rejection not appealable. Objections to order granting application
Rule 8. Registry of application granted, and order for re-hearings
The text
ORDER XXII
Death, Marriage and Insolvency of Parties
Death, Marriage and Insolvency or Parties
Rule 1. No abatement by party’s death if right to sue survives
1. No abatement by party’s death if right to sue survives.—The death of a plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate if the right to sue survives.
Rule 2. Procedure where one of several plaintiffs or defendants dies and right to sue survives
2. Procedure where one of several plaintiffs or defendants dies and right to sue survives.— Where there are more plaintiffs or defendants than one, and any of them dies, and where the right to sue survives to the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs alone, or against the surviving defendant or defendants alone, the Court shall cause an entry to the effect to be made on the record, and the suit shall proceed at the instance of the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs, or against the surviving defendant or defendants.
Rule 3. Procedure in case of death of one of several plaintiffs or of sole plaintiff
3. Procedure in case of death of one of several plaintiffs or of sole plaintiff.—(1) Where one of two or more plaintiffs dies and the right to sue does not survive to the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs alone, or a sole plaintiff or sole surviving plaintiff dies and the right to the sue survives, the Court, on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal representative of the deceased plaintiff to be made a party and shall proceed with the suit.
(2) Where within the time limited by law no application is made under sub-rule (1), the suit shall abate so far as the deceased plaintiff is concerned, and, on the application of the defendant, the Court may award to him the costs which he may have incurred in defending the suit, to be recovered from the estate of the deceased plaintiff.
Rule 4. Procedure in case of death of one of several defendants or of sole defendant
4. Procedure in case of death of one of several defendants or of sole defendant.—(1) Where one of two or more defendants dies and the right to sue does not survive against the surviving defendant or defendants alone or a sole defendant or sole surviving defendant dies and the right to sue survives, the Court, on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal representative of the deceased defendants to be made a party and shall proceed with the suit.
(2) Any person so made a party may make any defence appropriate to his character as legal representative of the deceased defendant.
(3) Where within the time limited by law no application is made under sub-rule (1), the suit shall abate as against the deceased defendant.
1[(4) The Court whenever it thinks fit, may exempt the plaintiff from the necessity of substituting the legal representatives of any such defendant who has failed to file a written statement or who, having filed it, has failed to appear and contest the suit at the hearing; and judgment may, in such case, be pronounced against the said defendant notwithstanding the death of such defendant and shall have the same force and effect as if it has been pronounced before death took place.
(5) Where—
(a) the plaintiff was ignorant of the death of a defendant, and could not, for that reason, make an application for the substitution of the legal representative of the defendant under this rule within the period specified in the Limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963), and the suit has, in consequence, abated, and
(b) the plaintiff applies after the expiry of the period specified therefore in the Limitation Act, 1963 (36 of 1963), for setting aside the abatement and also for the admission of that application under section 5 of that Act on the ground that he had, by reason of such ignorance, sufficient cause for not making the application with the period specified in the said Act,
the Court shall, in considering the application under the said section 5 have due regard to the fact of such ignorance, if proved.]
Rule 4A. Procedure where there is no legal representative
1[4A. Procedure where there is no legal representative.—(1) If, in any suit, it shall appear to the Court that any party who has died during the pendency of the suit has no legal representative, the Court may, on the application of any party to the suit, proceed in the absence of a person representing the estate of the deceased person, or may by order appoint the Administrator-General, or an officer of the Court or such other person as it thinks fit to represent the estate of the deceased person for the purpose of the suit; and any judgment or order subsequently given or made in the suit shall bind the estate of the deceased person to the same extent as he would have been bound if a personal representative of the deceased person had been a party to the suit.
(2) Before making an order under this rule, the Court—
(a) may require notice of the application for, the order to be given to such (if any) of the persons having an interest in the estate of the deceased person as it thinks fit; and
(b) shall as certain that the person proposed to be appointed to represent the estate of the deceased person is willing to be so appointed and has no interest adverse to that of the deceased person.]
Rule 5. Determination of question as to legal representative
5. Determination of question as to legal representative.—Where a question arises as to whether
any person is or is not the legal representative of a deceased plaintiff or a deceased defendant, such question shall be determined by the Court:
1[Provided that where such question arises before an Appellate Court, that Court may, before determining the question, direct any subordinate Court to try the question and to return the records together with evidence, if any, recorded at such trial, its findings and reasons therefor, and the Appellate Court may take the same into consideration in determining the question.]
Rule 6. No abatement by reason of death after hearing
6. No abatement by reason of death after hearing.—Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing rules, whether the cause of action survives or not, there shall be no abatement by reason of the death of either party between the conclusion of the hearing and the pronouncing of the judgment, but judgment may in such case be pronounced notwithstanding the death and shall have the same force and effect as if it had been pronounced before the death took place.
Rule 7. Suit not abated by marriage of female party
7. Suit not abated by marriage of female party.—(1) The marriage of a female plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate, but the suit may notwithstanding be proceeded with the judgment, and, where the decree is against a female defendant, it may be executed against her alone.
(2) Where the husband is by law liable for the debts of his wife, the decree may, with the permission of the Court, be executed against the husband also; and in case of judgment for the wife, execution of the decree may, with such permission, be issued upon the application of the husband, where the husband is by law entitled to the subject-matter of the decree.
Rule 8. When plaintiffs insolvency bars suit. Procedure where assignee fails to continue suit, or give security
8. When plaintiff's insolvency bars suit.—(1) The insolvency of a plaintiff in any suit which the assignee or receiver might maintain for the benefit of his creditors, shall not cause the suit to abate, unless such assignee or receiver declines to continue the suit or (unless for any special reason the Court otherwise directs) to give security for the costs thereof within such time as the Court may direct.
(2) Procedure where assignee fails to continue suit, or give security.—Where the assignee or receiver neglects or refuses to continue the suit and to give such security within the time so ordered, the defendant may apply for the dismissal of the suit on the ground of the plaintiff's insolvency, and the Court may make an order dismissing the suit an awarding to the defendant the costs which he has incurred in defending the same to be proved as a debt against the plaintiff’s estate.
Rule 9. Effect of abatement or dismissal
9. Effect of abatement or dismissal.—(1) Where a suit abates or is dismissed under this Order, no fresh suit shall be brought on the same cause of action.
(2) The plaintiff or the person claiming to be the legal representative of a deceased plaintiff or the assignee or the receiver in the case of an insolvent plaintiff may apply for an order to set aside the abatement or dismissal; and if it is proved that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from continuing the suit, the Court shall set aside the abatement or dismissal upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit.
(3) The provisions of Section 5 of the 2[Indian Limitation Act, 1877 (15 of 1877)] shall apply to applications under sub-rule (2).
3[Explanation.—Nothing in this rule shall be construed as barring, in any later suit, a defence based on the facts which constituted the cause of action in the suit which had abated or had been dismissed under this Order.]
Rule 10. Procedure in case of assignment before final order in suit
10. Procedure in case of assignment before final order in suit.—(1) In other cases of an assignment, creation or devolution of any interest during the pendency of a suit, the suit may, by leave of the Court, be continued by or against the person to or upon whom such interest has come or devolved.
(2) The attachment of a decree pending an appeal therefrom shall be deemed to be an interest entitling the person who procured such attachment to the benefit of sub-rule (1).
Rule 10A. Duty of pleader to communicate to Court death of a party
3[10A. Duty of pleader to communicate to Court death of a party.—Wherever a pleader appearing for a party to the suit comes to know of the death of that party, he shall inform the Court about it, and the Court shall thereupon give notice of such death to the other party, and, for this purpose, the contract between the pleader and the deceased party shall be deemed to subsist.]
Rule 11. Application of Order to appeals
11. Application of Order to appeals.—In the application of this Order to appeals, so far as may be, the word “Plaintiff” shall be held to include an appellant, the word “defendant” a respondant, and the word “suit” an appeal.
Rule 12. Application of Order to proceedings
12. Application of Order to proceedings.—Nothing in rules 3, 4 and 8 shall apply to proceedings in execution of a decree or order.
ORDER XXIII
Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits
Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits
Rule 1. Withdrawal of suit or abandonment of part of claim
4[1. Withdrawal of suit or abandonment of part of claim.—(1) At any time after the institution
of a suit, the plaintiff may as against all or any of the defendants abandon his suit or abandon a part of his claim:
Provided that where the plaintiff is a minor or other person to whom the provisions contained in
rules 1 to 14 of Order XXXII extend, neither the suit nor any part of the claim shall be abandoned without the leave of the Court.
(2) An application for leave under the proviso to sub-rule (1) shall be accompanied by an affidavit
of the next friend and also, if the minor or such other person is represented by a pleader, by a certificate of the pleader to the effect that the abandonment proposed is, in his opinion, for the benefit of the minor or such other person.
(3) Where the Court is satisfied,—
(a) that a suit must fail by reason of some formal defect, or
(b) that there are sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiff to institute a fresh suit for the subject matter of suit or part of a claim,
it may, on such terms as it thinks fit grant the plaintiff permission to withdraw from such suit or such part of the claim with liberty to institute a fresh suit in respect of the subject-matter of such suit or such part of the claim.
(4) Where the plaintiff—
(a) abandons any suit or part of claim under sub-rule (1), or
(b) withdraws from a suit or part of a claim without the permission referred to in sub-rule (3),
he shall be liable for such costs as the Court may award and shall be precluded from instituting any fresh suit in respect of such subject-matter or such part of the claim.
(5) Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to authorise the Court to permit one of several plaintiffs to abandon a suit or part of a claim under sub-rule (1), or to withdraw, under sub-rule (3), any suit or part of a claim, without the consent of the other plaintiff.]
Rule 1A. When transposition of defendants as plaintiffs may be permitted
5[1A.When transposition of defendants as plaintiffs may be permitted.—Where a suit is withdrawn or abandoned by a plaintiff under rule 1, and a defendant applies to be transposed as a plaintiff under rule 10 of Order I, the Court shall, in considering such application, have due regard to the question whether the applicant has a substantial question to be decided as against any of the other defendants.]
Rule 2. Limitation law not affected by first suit
2. Limitation law not affected by first suit.—In any fresh suit instituted on permission granted under the last preceding rule, the plaintiff shall be bound by the law of limitation in the same manner as if the first suit had not been instituted.
Rule 3. Compromise of suit
3. Compromise of suit.—Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that a suit has been adjusted wholly or in part by any lawful agreement or compromise 5[in writing and signed by the parties], or where the defendant satisfied the plaintiff in respect to the whole or any part of the subject-matter of the suit, the Court shall order such agreement, compromise or satisfaction to be recorded, and shall pass a decree in accordance therewith 6[so far as it relates to the parties to the suit, whether or not the subject-matter of the agreement, compromise or satisfaction is the same as the subject-matter of the suit:]
5[Provided that where it is alleged by one party and denied by the other that an adjustment or satisfaction has been arrived at, the Court shall decide the question; but not adjournment shall be granted for the purpose of deciding the question, unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, thinks fit to grant such adjournment.]
5[Explanation.— An agreement or compromise which is void or voidable under the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of 1872), shall not he deemed to be lawful within the meaning of this rule.]
Rule 3A. Bar to suit
5[3A. Bar to suit.—No suit shall lie to set aside a decree on the ground that the compromise on which the decree is based was not lawful.
Rule 3B. No agreement or compromise to be entered in a representative suit without leave of Court
3B. No agreement or compromise to be entered in a representative suit without leave of Court.—(1) No agreement or compromise in a representative suit shall be entered into without the leave of the Court expressly recorded in the proceedings; and any such agreement or compromise entered into without the leave of the Court so recorded shall be void.
(2) Below granting such leave, the Court shall give notice in such manner as it may think fit to such persons is as may appear to it to be interested in the suit.
Explanation.—In this rule, “representative suit” means,—
(a) a suit under Section 91 or Section 92,
(b) a suit under rule 8 of Order I,
(c) a suit in which the manager of an undivided Hindu family sues or is sued as representing the other members of the family,
(d) any other suit in which the decree passed may, by virtue of the provisions of this Code or of any other law for the time being in force, bind any person who is not named as party to the suit.]
Rule 4. Proceedings in execution of decrees not affected
4. Proceedings in execution of decrees not affected.—Nothing in this Order shall apply to any
proceedings in execution of a decree or order.
ORDER XXIV
Payment Into Court
Payment into Court
Rule 1. Deposit by defendant of amount in satisfaction of claim
1. Deposit by defendant of amount in satisfaction of claim.—The defendant in any suit to recover a debt or damages may, at any stage of the suit, deposit in Court such sum of money as he considers a satisfaction in full of the claim.
Rule 2. Notice of deposit
2. Notice of deposit.—Notice of the deposit shall be given through the Court by the defendant to the plaintiff, and the amount of the deposit shall (unless the Court otherwise directs) be paid to the plaintiff on his application.
Rule 3. Interest on deposit not allowed to plaintiff after notice
3. Interest on deposit not allowed to plaintiff after notice.—No interest shall be allowed to the plaintiff on any sum deposited by the defendant from the date of the receipt of such notice, whether the sum deposited is in full of the claim or falls short thereof.
Rule 4. Procedure where plaintiff accepts deposit as satisfaction in part. Procedure where he accepts it as satisfaction in full
4. Procedure where plaintiff accepts deposit as satisfaction in part.—(1) Where the plaintiff accepts such amount as satisfaction in part only of his claim, he may prosecute his suit for the balance; and, if the Court decides that the deposit by the defendant was a full satisfaction of the plaintiff’s claim, the plaintiff shall pay the costs of the suit incurred after the deposit and the costs incurred previous thereto, so far as they were caused by excess in the plaintiff's claim.
(2) Procedure where he accepts it as satisfaction in full.—Where the plaintiff accepts such amount as satisfaction in full of his claim, he shall present to the Court a statement to that effect, and such statement shall be filed and the Court shall pronounce judgment accordingly; and, in directing by whom the costs of each party are to be paid, the Court shall consider which of the parties is most to blame for the litigation.
Illustrations
(a) A owes B Rs. 100. B sues A for the amount, having made no demand for payment and having no reason to believe that
the delay caused by making a demand would place him at a disadvantage. On the plaint being filed, A pays the money into Court, B accepts it in full satisfaction of his claim, but the Court should not allow him any costs, the litigation being presumably groundless on his part.
(b) B sues A under the circumstances mentioned in illustration (a). On the plaint being filed, A disputes the claim.
Afterwards A pays the money into Court B accepts in full satisfaction of his claim. The Court should also give B his cost of suit. A’s conduct having shown that the litigation was necessary.
(c) A owes B Rs. 100, and is willing to pay him that sum without suit- B claims Rs. 150 and sues A for that amount. On the plaint
being filed, A pays Rs. 100 into Court and disputes only his liability to pay the remaining Rs. 50. B accepts the Rs. 100 in full satisfaction of his claim. The Court should order him to pay A’s costs.
ORDER XXV
Security for Costs
Security for Costs
Rule 1. When security for costs may be required from plaintiff
7[1. When security for costs may be required from plaintiff.—(1) At any stage of a suit, the Court may, either of its own motion or on the application of any defendant, order the plaintiff, for reasons to be recorded, to give within the time fixed by it security for the payment of all costs incurred and likely to be incurred by any defendant:
Provided that such an order shall be made in all cases in which it appears to the Court that a sole
plaintiff is, or (when there are more plaintiffs than one) that all the plaintiffs are, residing out of India and that such plaintiff does not possess or that no one of such plaintiffs possesses any sufficient immovable property within India other than the property in suit.
(2) Whoever leaves India under such circumstances as to afford reasonable probability that he will not be forthcoming whenever he may be called upon to pay costs shall be deemed to be residing out of India within the meaning of the proviso to sub-rule (1).]
Rule 2. Effect of failure to furnish security
2. Effect of failure to furnish security.—(1) In the event of such security not being furnished within the time fixed, the Court shall make an order dismissing the suit unless the plaintiff or plaintiffs are permitted to withdraw therefrom.
(2) Where a suit is dismissed under this rule, the plaintiff may apply for an order to set the dismissal aside and, if it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from furnishing the security within the time allowed, the Court shall set aside the dismissal upon such terms as to security; costs or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for proceeding with the suit.
(3) The dismissal shall not be set aside unless notice of such application has been served on the defendant.
ORDER XXVI
Commissions
COMMISSIONS
Commissions to examine witnesses
Rule 1. Cases in which Court may issue commission to examine witness
1. Cases in which Court may issue commission to examine witness.—Any Court may in any suit issue a commission for the examination on interrogatories or otherwise of any person resident within the local limits of its jurisdiction who is exempted under this Code from attending the Court or who is from sickness or infirmity unable to attend it:
8[Provided that a commission for examination on interrogatories shall not be issued unless the
Court, for reasons to be recorded, thinks it necessary so to do.
Explanation.—The Court may, for the purpose of this rule, accept a certificate purporting to be
signed by a registered medical practitioner as evidence of the sickness or infirmity of any person, without calling the medical practitioner as a witness.]
Rule 2. Order for commission
2. Order for commission.—An order for the issue of a commission for the examination of a witness may be made by the Court either of its own motion or on the application, supported by affidavit or otherwise, of any party to the suit or of the witness to be examined.
Rule 3. Where witness resides within Court’s jurisdiction
3. Where witness resides within Court’s jurisdiction.—A commission for the examination of a person who resides within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court issuing the same may be issued to any person whom the Court thinks fit to execute it.
Rule 4. Persons for whose examination commission may issue
4. Persons for whose examination commission may issue.—(1) Any Court may in any suit issue a commission 9[for the examination on interrogatories or otherwise of—]
(a) any person resident beyond the local limits of its jurisdiction;
(b) any person who is about to leave such limits before the date on which he is required to be examined in Court; and
(c) 10[any person in the service of the Government] who cannot in the opinion of the Court, attend
without detriment to the public service:
11[Provided that where, under rule 19 of Order XVI, a person cannot be ordered to attend a Court in person, a commission shall be issued for his examination if his evidence is considered necessary in the interests of justice:
Provided further that a commission for examination of such person on interrogatories shall not be issued unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, thinks it necessary so to do.]
(2) Such commission may be issued to any Court, not being a High Court, within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such person resides, or to any pleader or other person whom the Court issuing the commission may appoint.
(3) The Court on issuing any commission under this rule shall direct whether the commission shall be returned to itself or to any subordinate Court.
Rule 4A. Commission for examination of any person resident within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court
12[4A. Commission for examination of any person resident within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court.—Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, any court may, in the interest of justice or for the expeditious disposal of the case or for any other reason, issue commission in any suit for the examination, on interrogatories or otherwise, of any person resident within the local limits of its jurisdiction, and the evidence so recorded shall be read in evidence.]
Rule 5. Commission or request to examine witness not within India
5. Commission or request to examine witness not within India.—Where any Court to which application is made for the issue of a commission for the examination of a person residing at any place not within 13[India] is satisfied that the evidence of such person is necessary, the Court may issue such commission or a letter of request.
Rule 6. Court to examine witness pursuant to commission
6. Court to examine witness pursuant to Commission.—Every Court receiving a commission for the examination of any person shall examine him or cause him to be examined pursuant thereto.
Rule 7. Return of commission with depositions of witnesses
7. Return of commission with depositions of witnesses.—Where a commission has been duly executed, it shall be returned, together with the evidence taken under it, to the Court from which it was issued, unless the order for issuing the commission has otherwise directed, in which case the commission shall be returned in terms of such order; and the commission and the returned thereto and the evidence taken under it shall 14[(subject to the provisions of rule 8)] from part of the record of the suit.
Rule 8. When depositions may be read in evidence
8. When depositions may be read in evidence.—Evidence taken under a commission shall not be read as evidence in the suit without the consent of the party against whom the same is offered, unless—
(a) the person who gave the evidence is beyond the jurisdiction of the Court, or dead or unable from sickness or infirmity to attend to be personally examined, or exempted from personal appearance in Court, or is a 15[person in the service of the Government] who cannot, in the opinion of the Court, attend without detriment to the public service, or
(b) the Court in its discretion dispenses with the proof of any of the circumstances mentioned in clause (a) and authorizes the evidence of any person being read as evidence in the suit, notwithstanding proof that the cause for taking such evidence by commission has ceased at the time of reading the same.
Commissions for local investigations
Rule 9. Commissions to make local investigations
9. Commissions to make local investigations.—In any suit in which the Court deems a local investigation to be requisite or proper for the purpose of elucidating any matter in dispute, or of ascertaining the market-value of any property, or the amount of any mesne profits or damages or annual net profits, the Court may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit directing him to make such investigation and to report thereon to the Court:
Provided that, where the State Government has made rules as to the persons to whom such commission shall be issued, the Court shall be bound by such rules.
Rule 10. Procedure of Commissioner. Report and depositions to be evidence in suit. Commissioner may be examined in person. Commissions for scientific investigation, performance of ministerial act
10. Procedure of Commissioner.—(1) The Commissioner, after such local inspection as he deems necessary and after reducing to writing the evidence taken by him, shall return such evidence, together with his report in writing signed by him, to the Court.
(2) Report and depositions to be evidence in suit.—The report of the Commissioner and the evidence taken by him (but not the evidence without the report) shall be evidence in the suit and shall form part of the record; but the Court or, with the permission of the Court, any of the parties to the suit may examine the Commissioner personally in open Court touching any of the matters referred to him or mentioned in his report, or as to his report, or as to the manner in which he has made the investigation.
(3) Commissioner may be examined in person.—Where the Court is for any reason dissatisfied with the proceedings of the Commissioner, it may direct such further inquiry to be made as it shall think fit.
16[Commissions for scientific investigation, performance of ministerial act and sale of movable property
Rule 10A. Commission for scientific investigation
10A. Commission for scientific investigation.—(1) Where any question arising in a suit involves any scientific investigation which cannot, in the opinion of the Court, be conveniently conducted before the Court, the Court may, if it thinks it necessary or expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit, directing him to inquire into such question and report thereon to the Court.
(2) The provisions of rule 10 of this Order shall, as far as may be, apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under this rule as they apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under rule 9.
Rule 10B. Commission for performance of a ministerial act
10B. Commission for performance of a ministerial act.—(1) Where any question arising in a suit involves the performance of any ministerial act which cannot, in the opinion of the Court, be conveniently performed before the Court, the Court may, if, for reasons to be recorded, it is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit, directing him to perform that ministerial act and report thereon to the Court.
(2) The provisions of rule 10 of this Order shall apply in relation to a commissioner appointed under this rule as they apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under rule 9.
Rule 10C. Commission for the sale of movable property
10C. Commission for the sale of movable property.—(1) Where, in any suit, it becomes necessary to sell any movable property which is in the custody of the Court pending the determination of the suit and which cannot be conveniently preserved, the Court may, if, for reasons to be recorded, it is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit, directing him to conduct such sale and report thereon to the Court.
(2) The provisions of rule 10 of this Order shall apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under this rule as they apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under rule 9.
(3) Every such sale shall be held, as far as may be, in accordance with the procedure prescribed for the sale of movable property in execution of a decree.]
Commissions to examine accounts
Rule 11. Commission to examine or adjust accounts
11. Commission to examine or adjust accounts.—In any suit in which an examination or adjustment of the accounts is necessary, the Court may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit directing him to make such examination or adjustment.
Rule 12. Court to give Commissioner necessary instructions. Proceedings and report to be evidence. Court may direct further inquiry
12. Court to give Commissioner necessary instructions.—(1) The Court shall furnish the Commissioner with such part of the proceedings and such instructions as appear necessary, and the instructions shall distinctly specify whether the commissioner is merely to transmit the proceedings which he may hold on the inquiry, or also to report his own opinion on the point referred for his examination.
(2) Proceedings and report to be evidence. Court may direct further inquiry.—The proceedings and report (if any) of the Commissioner shall be evidence in the suit, but where the Court has reason to be dissatisfied with them, it may direct such further inquiry as it shall think fit.
Commissions to make partitions
Rule 13. Commission to make partition of immovable property
13. Commission to make partition of immovable property.—Where a preliminary decree for partition has been passed, the Court may, in any case not provided for by section 54, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit to make the partition or separation according to the rights as declared in such decree.
Rule 14. Procedure of Commissioner
14. Procedure of Commissioner.—(1) The Commissioner shall, after such inquiry as may be necessary, divide the property into as many shares as may be directly by the order under which the commission was issued, and shall allot such shares to the parties, and may, if authorised thereto by the said order, award sums to be paid for the purpose of equalizing the value of the shares.
(2) The commissioner shall then prepare and sign a report or the Commissioners (where the commission was issued to more than one person and they cannot agree) shall prepare and sign separate reports appointing the share of each party and distinguishing each share (if so directed by the said order) by metes and bounds. Such report or reports shall be annexed to the commission and transmitted to the Court; and the Court, after hearing any objections which the parties may make to the report or reports, shall confirm, vary or set aside the same.
(3) Where the Court confirms or varies the report or reports it shall pass a decree in accordance with the same as confirmed or varied; but where the Court sets aside the report or reports it shall either issue a new commission or make such other order as it shall think fit.
General provisions
Rule 15. Expenses of commission to be paid into Court
15. Expenses of commission to be paid into court.—Before issuing any commission under this Order, the Court may order such sum (if any) as it thinks reasonable for the expenses of the commission to be, within a time to be fixed, paid into Court by the party at whose instance or for whose benefit the commission is issued.
Rule 16. Powers of Commissioners
16. Powers of commissioners.—Any commissioner appointed under this Order may, unless otherwise directed by the order of appointment,—
(a) examine the parties themselves and any witness whom they or any of them may produce, and any other person whom the Commissioner thinks proper to call upon to give evidence in the matter referred to him;
(b) call for and examine documents and other things relevant to the subject of inquiry;
(c) at any reasonable time enter upon or into any land or building mentioned in the order.
Rule 16A. Questions objected to before the Commissioner
17[16A. Questions objected to before the Commissioner.—(1) Where any question put to a witness is
objected to by a party or his pleader in proceedings before a Commissioner appointed under this Order, the Commissioner shall take down the question, the answer, the objections and the name of the party or, as the case may be, the pleader so objecting:
Provided that the Commissioner shall not take down the answer to a question which is objected to on the ground of privilege but may continue with the examination of the witness, leaving the party to get the question of privilege decided by the Court, and, where the Court decides that there is no question of privilege, the witness may be recalled by the Commissioner and examined by him or the witness may be examined by the Court with regard to the question which was objected to on the ground of privilege.
(2) No answer taken down under sub-rule (1) shall be read as evidence in the suit except by the order of the Court.]
Rule 17. Attendance and examination of witnesses before Commissioner
17. Attendance and examination of witnesses before Commissioner.—(1) The provisions of this Code relating to the summoning, attendance and examination of witnesses, and to the remuneration of, and penalties to be imposed upon, witnesses, shall apply to persons required to give evidence or to produce documents under this Order whether the commission in execution of which they are so required has been issued by a Court situate within or by a Court situate beyond the limits of 18[India], and for the purposes of this rule the Commissioner shall be deemed to be a Civil Court:
19[Provided that when the Commissioner is not a Judge of a Civil Court, he shall not be competent to impose penalties; but such penalties may be imposed on the application of such Commissioner by the Court by which the commission was issued.]
(2) A Commissioner may apply to any Court (not being a High Court) within the local limits or whose jurisdiction a witness resides for the issue of any process which he may find it necessary to issue to or against such witness, and such Court may, in its discretion, issue such process as it considers reasonable and proper.
Rule 18. Parties to appear before Commissioner
18. Parties to appear before Commissioner.—(1) Where a commission is issued under this Order, the Court shall direct that the parties to the suit shall appear before the Commissioner in person or by their agents or pleaders.
(2) Where all or any of the parties do not so appear, the Commissioner may proceed in their absence.
Rule 18A. Application of order to execution proceedings
19[18A. Application of order to execution proceedings.—The provisions of this Order shall apply, so far as may be, to proceedings in execution of a decree or order.
Rule 18B. Court to fix a time for return of Commission
18B. Court to fix a time for return of commission.—The Court issuing a commission shall fix a date on or before which the commission shall be returned to it after execution, and the date so fixed shall not be extended except where the Court, for reasons to be recorded, is satisfied that there is sufficient cause for extending the date.]
20[Commissions issued at the instance of foreign Tribunals
Rule 19. Cases in which High Court may issue commission to examine witness
19. Cases in which High Court may issue commission to examine witness.—(1) If a High Court is satisfied.—
(a) that a foreign court situated in a foreign country wishes to obtain the evidence of a witness in any proceeding before it,
(b) that the proceeding is of a civil nature, and
(c) that the witness is residing within the limits of the High Court’s appellate jurisdiction,
it may, subject to the provisions of rule 20, issue a commission for the examination of such witness.
(2) Evidence may be given of the matters specified in clauses (a), (b) and (c) of sub-rule (1)—
(a) by a certificate signed by the consular officer of the foreign country of the highest rank in India and transmitted to the High Court through the Central Government, or
(b) by a letter of request issued by the foreign Court and transmitted to the High Court through the Central Government, or
(c) by a letter of request issued by the foreign court and produced before the High Court by a party to the proceeding.
Rule 20. Application for issue of commission
20. Application for issue of commission.—The High Court may issue a commission under rule 19—
(a) upon application by a party to the proceeding before the foreign court, or
(b) upon an application by a law officer of the State Government acting under instructions from the State Government.
Rule 21. To whom commission may be issued
21. To whom commission may be issued.—A commission under rule 19 may be issued to any Court
within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the witness resides, or, where 21*** the witness resides within the
local limits of 22[the ordinary original civil jurisdiction of the High Court], to any person whom the Court thinks fit to execute the commission.
Rule 22. Issue, execution and return of commissions, and transmission of evidence to foreign Court
22. Issue, execution and return of commissions, and transmission of evidence to foreign Court.—The provisions of rules 6, 15, 23[sub-rule (1) of rule 16A, 17, 18 and 18B] of this Order in so far as they are applicable shall apply to the issue, execution and return of such commissions, and when any such commission has been duly executed it shall be returned, together with the evidence taken under it, to the High Court, which shall forward it to the Central Government, along with the letter of request for transmission to the foreign court].
ORDER XXVII
Suits by or Against the Government or Public Officers In
Suits by or against the government or public officers in their official capacity
Rule 1. Suits by or against Government
1. Suits by or against Government.—In any suit by or against 24[the Government], the plaint or written statement shall be signed by such person as the Government may, by general or special order, appoint in this behalf, and shall be verified by any person whom the Government may so appoint and who is acquainted with the facts of the case.
Rule 2. Persons authorised to act for Government
2. Persons authorised to act for Government.—Persons being ex officio or otherwise authorised to act for the Government in respect of any judicial proceeding shall be deemed to be recognised agents by whom appearances, acts and applications under this Code may be made or done on behalf of the Government.
Rule 3. Plaints in suits by or against Government
3. Plaints in suits by or against Government.—In suits by or 25[against the Government], instead of inserting in the plaint the name and description and place of residence of the plaintiff or defendant, it shall be sufficient to insert 24[the appropriate name as provided in section 79 26***.]
Rule 4. Agent for Government to receive process
27[4. Agent for Government to receive process.—The Government pleader in any Court shall be the agent of the Government for the purpose of receiving processes against the Government issued by such Court].
Rule 5. Fixing of day for appearance on behalf of Government
5. Fixing of day for appearance on behalf of Government.—The Court, in fixing the day for 24[the Government] to answer to the plaint, shall allow a reasonable time for the necessary communication with the Government through the proper channel, and for the issue of instructions to the 28[Government pleader] to appear and answer on behalf of 29[the Government] 30***, and may extend the time at its discretion 31[but the time so extended shall not exceed two months in the aggregate].
Rule 5A. Government to be joined as a party in a suit against a public officer
31[5A. Government to be joined as a party in a suit against a public officer.—Where a suit is instituted against a public officer for damages or other relief in respect of any act alleged to have been done by him in his official capacity, the Government shall be joined as a party to the suit.
Rule 5B. Duty of Court in suits against the Government or a public officer to assist in arriving at a settlement
5B. Duty of Court in suits against the Government or a public officer to assist in arriving at a settlement.—(1) In every suit or proceeding to which the Government, or a public officer acting in his official capacity, is a party, it shall be the duty of the Court to make, in the first instance, every endeavour, where it is possible to do so consistently with the nature and circumstances of the case, to assist the parties in arriving at a settlement in respect of the subject-matter of the suit.
(2) If, in any such suit or proceeding, at any stage, it appears to the court that there is a reasonable possibility of a settlement between the parties, the Court may adjourn the proceeding for such period as it thinks fit, to enable attempts to be made to effect such a settlement.
(3) The power conferred under sub-rule (2) is in addition to any other power of the Court to adjourn proceedings.]
Rule 6. Attendance of person able to answer questions relating to suit against Government
6. Attendance of person able to answer questions relating to suit against Government.—The Court may also, in any case in which the 32[Government pleader] is not accompanied by any person on the part of 33[the Government] who may be able to answer any material questions relating to the suit, direct the attendance of such a person.
Rule 7. Extension of time to enable public officer to make reference to Government
7. Extension of time to enable public officer to make reference to Government.—(1) Where the defendant is a public officer and, on receiving the summons, considers it proper to make a reference to the Government before answering the plaint, he may apply to the Court to grant such extension of the time fixed in the summons as may be necessary to enable him to make such reference and to receive orders thereon through the proper channel.
(2) Upon such application the Court shall extend the time for so long as appears to it to be necessary.
Rule 8. Procedure in suits against public officer
8. Procedure in suits against public officer.—(1) Where the Government undertakes the defence of a suit against a public officer, the 32[Government pleader] upon being furnished with authority to appear and answer the plaint, shall apply to the court, and upon such application the Court shall cause a note of his authority to be entered in the register of civil suits.
(2) Where no application under sub-rule (1) is made by the 32[Government pleader] on or before the day fixed in the notice for the defendant to appear and answer, the case shall proceed as in a suit between private parties:
Provided that the defendant shall not be liable to arrest, nor his property to attachment, otherwise than in execution of a decree.
Rule 8A. No security to be required from Government or a public officer in certain cases
34[8A. No security to be required from Government or a public officer in certain cases.—No such security as is mentioned in rules 5 and 6 of Order XLI shall be required from the Government or, where the Government has undertaken the defence of the suit, from any public officer sued in respect of an act alleged to be done by him in his official capacity. ,
Rule 8B. Definitions of “Government” and “Government pleader”
8B. Definitions of “Government” and “Government pleader”.—In this Order 35[unless otherwise expressly provided] “Government” and 32[“Government pleader”] mean respectively—
(a) in relation to any suit by or against 36*** the Central Government, or against a public officer in the service of that Government, the Central Government and such pleader as that Government may appoint whether generally or specially for the purposes of this order;
37* * * * *
(c) in relation to any suit by or against State Government or against a public officer in the service of a State, the State Government and the Government pleader 35[as defined in clause (7) of section 2], or such other pleader as the State Government may appoint, whether generally or specially, for the purposes of this Order.]
State Amendment
Uttar Pradesh Amendment of Order XXVII.— In the First Schedule, in Order XXVII —
(a) in the marginal heading after the words “official capacity” the words “or
Statutory Authorities, etc.” shall be inserted ;
(b) after rule 9, as inserted by the Allahabad High Court, the following rule shall
be inserted, namely :—
“10. Suits by or against statutory authorities —
(1) Any authority or Corporation, constituted by or under any law, may, from time to time appoint a Standing Counsel, to be called corporation pleader of that authority, in any district and give information of such appointment to the District Judge.
(2) The Corporation pleader so appointed shall be the agent in that district of the appointing authority or Corporation for purposes of receiving processes against it, but shall not act or plead without filing a Vakalatnama or memorandum of appearance.”
[Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 56 of 1976, s. 11]]
ORDER XXVII-A
Of the Constitution or as to the Validity
Suits involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of 38[the constitution] 39[or as to the
validity of any statutory instrument]
Rule 1. Notice to the Attorney General or the Advocate-General
1. Notice to the Attorney General or the Advocate-General.—In any suit in which it appears to the Court that 40[any such question as is referred to 41[in clause (1) of Article 132, read with Article 147 of the Constitution,] is involved, the Court shall not proceed to determine that question until after notice has been given to 42[the Attorney General for India] if the question of law concerns the Central Government and to the Advocate-General of the State if the question of law concerns a State Government.
Rule 1A. Procedure in suits involving validity of any statutory instrument
39[1A. Procedure in suits involving validity of any statutory instrument.—In any suit in which it appears to the Court that any question as to the validity of any statutory instrument, not being a question of the nature mentioned in rule l, is involved, the Court shall not proceed to determine that question except after giving notice—
(a) to the Government pleader, if the question concern the Government, or
(b) to the authority which issued the statutory instrument, if the question concerns an authority other than Government.]
Rule 2. Court may add Government as party
2. Court may add Government as party.—The Court may at any stage of the proceedings order that
the Central Government or a State Government shall be added as a defendant in any suit involving 43[any such question as is referred to 44[in clause (1) of Article 132 read with Article 147, of the Constitution]], if 45[the Attorney General for India] or the Advocate-General of the State, as the case may be, whether upon receipt of notice under rule 1, or otherwise, applies for such addition and the Court is satisfied that such addition is necessary or desirable for the satisfactory determination of the question of law involved.
Rule 2A. Power of Court to add Government or other authority as a defendant in a suit relating to the validity of any statutory instrument
39[2A. Power of Court to add Government or other authority as a defendant in a suit relating to the validity of any statutory instrument.—The Court may, at any stage of the proceedings in any suit involving any such question as is referred to in rule 1A, order that the Government or other authority shall be added as a defendant if the Government pleader or the pleader appearing in the case for the authority which issued the instrument, as the case may be, whether upon receipt of notice under rule lA or otherwise, applies for such addition, and the Court is satisfied that such addition is necessary or desirable for the satisfactory determination of the question.]
Rule 3. Costs
46[3. Costs.—Where, under rule 2 or rule 2A the Government or any other authority is added as a defendant in a suit, the Attorney-General, Advocate-General, or Government Pleader or Government or other authority shall not be entitled to, or liable for, costs in the Court which ordered the addition unless the Court, having regard to all the circumstances of the case for any special reason, otherwise orders.]
Rule 4. Application of Order to appeals
4. Application of Order to appeals.—In the application of this Order to appeals the word “defendant” shall be held to include a respondent and the word “suit” an appeal.
47[Explanation.—In this Order, “statutory instrument” means a rule, notification, bye-law, order, scheme or form made as specified under any enactment.]
ORDER XXVIII
Suits by or Against Military or Naval Men or Airmen
Suits by or against military 48[or naval] men 49[or airmen]
Rule 1. Officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen who cannot obtain leave may authorise any person to sue or defend for them
1. Officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen who cannot obtain leave may authorise any person to sue or defend for them.—(1) Where any officer, 50[soldier, 51[sailor] or airman] actually 52[serving under the Government] in 53[such] capacity is a party to a suit, and cannot obtain leave of absence for the purpose of prosecuting or defending the suit in person, he may authorise any person to sue or defend in his stead.
(2) The authority shall be writing and shall be signed by the officer, 50[soldier, 51[sailor] or airman] in the presence of (a) his commanding officer, or the next subordinate officer, if the party is himself the commanding officer, or (b) where the officer, 50[soldier, 51[sailor] or airman,] is serving in military, 48[naval], 54[or air force] staff employment, the head or other superior officer of the office in which he is employed. Such commanding or other officer shall countersign the authority, which shall be filed in Court.
(3) When so filed the countersignature shall be sufficient proof that the authority was duly executed, and that the officer, 50[soldier 51[, sailor] or air man] by whom it was granted could not obtain leave of absence for the purpose of prosecuting of defending the suit in person.
Explanation.—In this Order the expression “commanding officer” means the officer in actual command for the time being of any regiment, corps, 48[ship,] detachment or depot to which the officer, 50[soldier 51[, sailor] or airman] belongs.
Rule 2. Person so authorised may act personally or appoint pleader
2. Person so authorised may act personally or appoint pleader.—Any person authorised by an officer, 50[soldier 51[, sailor] or airman] to prosecute or defend a suit in his stead may prosecute or defend it in person in the same manner as the officer, 50[soldier 51[, sailor] or airman] could do if present; or he may appoint a pleader to prosecute or defend the suit on behalf of such officer, 50[soldier 51[, sailor] or airman].
Rule 3. Service on person so authorised, or on his pleader, to be good service
3. Service on person so authorised, or on his pleader, to be good service.—Processes served upon any person authorised by an officer 50[soldier 51[, sailor] or airman] under rule 1 or upon any pleader appointed as aforesaid by such person shall he as effectual as if they had been served on the party in person.
ORDER XXIX
Suits by or Against Corporations
Suits by or against corporations
Rule 1. Subscription and verification of pleading
1. Subscription and verification of pleading.—In suits by or against a corporation, any pleading may be signed and verified on behalf of the corporation by the secretary or by any director or other principal officer of the corporation who is able to depose to the facts of the case.
Rule 2. Service on corporation
2. Service on corporation.—Subject to any statutory provision regulating service of process, where the suit is against a corporation, the summons may be served—
(a) on the secretary, or on any director, or other principal officer of the corporation, or
(b) by leaving it or sending it by post addressed to the corporation at the registered office, or if there is no registered office then at the place where the corporation carries on business.
Rule 3. Power to require personal attendance of officer of corporation
3. Power to require personal attendance of officer of corporation.—The Court may, at any stage
of the suit, require the personal appearance of the secretary or of any director, or other principal officer of the corporation who may be able to answer material questions relating to the suit.
State Amendment
Uttar Pradesh Amendment of Order XXIX.— In the First Schedule, in Order XXIX, in rule 2, after clause (a), the following clause shall be inserted, namely :—
“(aa) on its corporation pleader in the district where the Court issuing summons is located, if one has been appointed and the appointment has been notified to the District Judge under rule 10 of Order XXVII, or.”
[Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 57 of 1976, s. 12]
ORDER XXX
Suits by or Against Firms and Persons Carrying On
Suits by or against firms and persons carrying on business in
names other than their own
Rule 1. Suing of partners in name of firm
1. Suing of partners in name of firm.—(1) Any two or more persons claiming or being liable as partners and carrying on business in, 55[India] may sue or be sued in the name of the firm (if any) of which such persons were partners at the time of the accruing of the cause of action, and any party to a suit may in such case apply to the Court for a statement of the names and addresses of the persons who were, at the time of the accruing of the cause of action, partners in such firm, to be furnished and verified in such manner as the Court may direct.
(2) Where persons sue or are sued partners in the name of their firm under sub-rule (1), it shall, in the case of any pleading or other document required by or under this Code to be signed, verified or certified by the plaintiff of the defendant, suffice such pleading or other document is signed, verified or certified by any one of such persons.
Rule 2. Disclosure of partners’ names
2. Disclosure of partners’ names.—(1) Where a suit is instituted by partners in the name of their firm, the plaintiffs or their pleader shall, on demand in writing by or on behalf of any defendant, forthwith declare in writing the names and places of residence of all the persons constituting the firm on whose behalf the suit is instituted.
(2) Where the plaintiffs or their pleader fail to comply with any demand made under sub-rule (1) all proceedings in the suit may, upon an application for that purpose, be stayed upon such terms as the Court may direct.
(3) Where the names of the partners are declared in the manner referred to in sub-rule (1) the suit shall proceed in the same manner, and the same consequences in all respects shall follow, as if they had been named as plaintiffs in the plaint:
56[Provided that all proceedings shall nevertheless continue in the name of the firm, but the name of the partners disclosed in the manner specified in sub-rule (1) shall be entered in the decree.]
Rule 3. Service
3. Service.—Where persons are sued as partners in the name of their firm, the summons shall be served either—
(a) upon any one or more of the partners, or
(b) at the principal place at which the partnership business is carried on within 55[India] upon any person having, at the time of service, the control or management of the partnership business, there,
as the Court may direct; and such service shall be deemed good service upon the firm so sued, whether all or any of the partners are within or without 55[India]:
Provided that, in the case of a partnership which has been dissolved to the knowledge of the plaintiff before the institution of the suit, the summons shall be served upon every person within 55[India] whom it is sought to make liable.
Rule 4. Rights of suit on death of partner
4. Rights of suit on death of partner.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 45 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of 1872), where two or more persons may sue or be sued in the name of a firm under the foregoing provisions and any of such persons dies, whether before the institution or during the pendency of any suit, it shall not be necessary to join the legal representative of the deceased as a party to the suit.
(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall limit or otherwise effect any right which the legal representative of the deceased may have—
(a) to apply to be made a party to the suit, or
(b) to enforce any claim against the survivor or survivors.
Rule 5. Notice in what capacity served
5. Notice in what capacity served.—Where a summons is issued to a firm and is served in the manner
provided by rule 3, every person upon whom it is served shall be informed by notice in writing given at the time of such service, whether he is served as a partner or as a person having the control or management of the partnership business, or in both characters, and, in default of such notice, the person served shall be deemed to be served as a partner.
Rule 6. Appearance of partners
6. Appearance of partners.—Where persons are sued as partners in the name of their firm, they shall appear individually in their own names, but all subsequent proceedings shall, nevertheless, continue in the name of the firm.
Rule 7. No appearance except by partners
7. No appearance except by partners.—Where a summons is served in the manner provided by rule 3 upon a person having the control or management of the partnership business, no appearance by him shall be necessary unless he is a partner of the firm sued.
Rule 8. Appearance under protest
57[8. Appearance under protest.—(1) Any person served with summons as a partner under rule 3 may enter an appearance under protest, denying that he was a partner at any material time.
(2) On such appearance being made, either the plaintiff or the person entering the appearance may, at any time before the date fixed for hearing and final disposal of the suit, apply to the Court for determining whether that person was a partner of the firm and liable as such.
(3) If, on such application, the Court holds that he was a partner at the material time, that shall not preclude the person from filing a defence denying the liability of the firm in respect of the claim against the defendant.
(4) If the Court, however, holds that such person was not a partner of the firm and was not liable as such that shall not preclude the plaintiff from otherwise serving a summons on the firm and proceeding with the suit; but in that event, the plaintiff shall be precluded from alleging the liability of that person as a partner of the firm in execution of any decree that may be passed against the firm.]
Rule 9. Suits between co-partners
9. Suits between co-partners.—This Order shall apply to suits between a firm and one or more of the partners therein and to suits between firms having one or more partners in common; but no execution shall be issued in such suits except by leave of the Court, and, on an application for leave to issue such execution, all such accounts and inquiries may be directed to be taken and made and directions given as may be just.
Rule 10. Suit against person carrying on business in name other than his own
58[10. Suit against person carrying on business in name other than his own.—Any person carrying on business in a name or style other than his own name, or a Hindu undivided family carrying on business under any name, may be sued in such name or style as if it were a firm name, and, in so far as the nature of such case permits, all rules under this Order shall apply accordingly.]
ORDER XXXI
Suits by or against trustees, executors and administrators
1. Representation of beneficiaries in suits concerning property vested in trustees, etc.—In all suits concerning property vested in a trustee, executor or administrator, where the contention is between the persons beneficially interested in such property and a third person, the trustee, executor or Administrator shall represent the persons so interested, and it shall not ordinarily be necessary to make them parties to the suit. But the Court may, if it thinks fit, order them or any of them to be made parties.
2. Joinder of trustees, executors and administrators.—Where there are several trustees, executors or administrators, they shall all be made parties to a suit against one or more of them:
Provided that the executors who have not proved their testator’s will, and trustees, executors and administrators outside 59[India], need not be made parties.
3. Husband of married executrix not to join.—Unless the Court directs otherwise, the husband of a married trustee, administratrix or executrix shall not as such be a party to a suit by or against her.
ORDER XXXII
Suits by or Against Minors and Persons of Unsound Mind
Suits by or against minors and persons of unsound mind
Rule 1. Minor to sue by next friend
1. Minor to sue by next friend.—Every suit by a minor shall be instituted in his name by a person who in such suit shall be called the next friend of the minor.
60[Explanation.—In this Order, “minor” means a person who has not attained his majority within the meaning of section 3 of the Indian Majority Act, 1875 (9 of 1875) where the suit relates to any of the matters mentioned in clauses (a) and (b) of section 2 of that Act or to any other matter.]
Rule 2. Where suit is instituted without next friend, plaint to be taken off the file
2. Where suit is instituted without next friend, plaint to be taken off the file.—(1) Where a suit is instituted by or on behalf of a minor without a next friend, the defendant may apply to have the plaint taken off the file, with costs to be paid by the pleader or other person by whom it was presented.
(2) Notice of such application shall be given to such person, and the Court, after hearing his objections (if any) may make such order in the matter as it thinks fit.
Rule 2A. Security to be furnished by next friend when so ordered
61[2A. Security to be furnished by next friend when so ordered.—(1) Where a suit has been instituted on behalf of the minor by his next friend, the Court may, at any stage of the suit, either of its own motion or on the application of any defendant, and for reasons to be recorded, order the next friend to give security for the payment of all costs incurred or likely to be incurred by the defendant.
(2) Where such a suit is instituted by an indigent person, the security shall include the court-fees payable to the Government.
(3) The provisions of rule 2 of Order XXV shall, so far as may be, apply to a suit where the Court makes an order under this rule directing security to be furnished.]
Rule 3. Guardian for the suit to be appointed by Court for minor defendant
3. Guardian for the suit to be appointed by Court for minor defendants.—(1) Where the defendant is a minor the Court, on being satisfied of the fact of his minority, shall appoint a proper person to be guardian for the suit for such minor.
(2) An order for the appointment of a guardian for the suit may be obtained upon application in the name and on behalf of the minor or by the plaintiff.
(3) Such application shall be supported by an affidavit verifying the fact that the proposed guardian has no interest in the matters in controversy in the suit adverse to that of the minor and that he is a fit person to be so appointed.
(4) Order shall be made on any application under this rule except upon notice 62*** to any guardian of the minor appointed or declared by an authority competent in that behalf, or, where there is no such guardian 63[upon notice to the father or where there is no father, to the mother, or where there is no father or mother, to other natural guardian] of the minor, or, where there is 63[no father, mother or other natural guardian], to the person in whose care the minor is, and after hearing any objection which may be urged on behalf of any person served with notice under this sub-rule.
64[(4A) The Court may, in any case, if it thinks fit, issue notice under sub-rule (4) to the minor also.]
65[(5) A person appointed under sub-rule (1) to be guardian for the suit for a minor shall, unless his appointment is terminated by retirement, removal or death, continue as such throughout all proceedings arising out of the suit including proceedings in any Appellate or Revisional Court and any proceedings in the execution of a decree.]
Rule 3A. Decree against minor not to be set aside unless prejudice has been caused to his interest
64[3A. Decree against minor not to be set aside unless prejudice has been caused to his interest.—(1) No decree passed against a minor shall be set aside merely on the ground that the next friend or guardian for the suit of the minor had an interest in the subject-matter of the suit adverse to that of the minor, but the fact that by reasons of such adverse interest of the next friend or guardian for the suit, prejudice has been caused to the interests of the minor, shall be a ground for setting aside the decree.
(2) Nothing in this rule shall preclude the minor from obtaining any relief available under any law by reason of the misconduct or gross negligence on the part of the next friend or guardian for the suit resulting in prejudice to the interests of the minor.]
Rule 4. Who may act as next friend or be appointed guardian for the suit
4. Who may act as next friend or he appointed guardian for the suit.—(1) Any person who is of sound mind and has attained majority may act as next friend of a minor or as his guardian for the suit:
Provided that the interest of such person is not adverse to that of the minor and that he is not, in the case of a next friend, a defendant, or, in the case of a guardian for the suit, a plaintiff.
(2) Where a minor has a guardian appointed or declared by competent authority, no person other than such guardian shall act as the next friend of the minor or be appointed his guardian for the suit unless the Court considers, for reasons to be recorded, that it is for the minor’s welfare that another person be permitted to act or be appointed, as the case may be.
(3) No person shall without his consent 64[in writing] be appointed guardian for the suit.
(4) Where there is no other person fit and willing to act as guardian for the suit, the Court may appoint any of its officers to be such guardian, and may direct that the costs to be incurred by such officer in the performance of his duties as such guardian shall be borne either by the parties or by any one or more of the parties to the suit, or out of any fund in Court in which the minor is interested 64[or out of the property of the minor], and may give directions for the repayment or allowance of such costs as justice and the circumstances of the case may require.
Rule 5. Representation of minor by next friend or guardian for the suit
5. Representation of minor by next friend or guardian for the suit.—(1) Every application to the Court on behalf of a minor, other than an application under rule 10, sub-rule (2), shall be made by his next friend or by his guardian for the suit.
(2) Every order made in a suit or on any application, before the Court in or which a minor is in any way concerned or affected, without such minor being represented by a next friend or guardian for the suit, as the case may be, may be discharged, and, where the pleader of the party at whose instance such order was obtained knew, or might reasonably have known, the fact of such minority, with costs to be paid by such pleader.
Rule 6. Receipt by next friend or guardian for the suit of property under decree for minor
6. Receipt by next friend or guardian for the suit of property under decree for minor.—(1) A next friend or guardian for the suit shall not, without the leave of the Court, receive any money or other movable property on behalf of a minor either—
(a) by way of compromise before decree or order, or
(b) under a decree or order in favour of the minor. (2) Where the next friend or guardian for the suit has not been appointed or declared by competent
authority to be guardian of the property of the minor, or, having been so appointed or declared, is under any disability known to the Court to receive the money or other movable property, the Court shall, if it grants him leave to receive the property, require such security and give such directions as will, in its opinion, sufficiently protect the property from waste and ensure its proper application :
66[Provided that the Court may, for reasons to be recorded, dispense with such security while granting leave to the next friend or guardian for the suit to receive money or other movable property under a decree or order, where such next friend or guardian—
(a) is the manager of a Hindu undivided family and the decree or order relates to the property or business of the family; or
(b) is the parent of the minor.]
Rule 7. Agreement or compromise by next friend or guardian for the suit
7. Agreement or compromise by next friend or guardian for the suit.—(1) No next friend or guardian
for the suit shall, without the leave of the Court, expressly recorded in the proceedings, enter into any agreement or compromise on behalf of a minor with reference to the suit in which he acts as next friend or guardian.
66[(1A) An application for leave under sub-rule (1) shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the next friend or the guardian for the suit, as the case may be, and also, if the minor is represented by a pleader, by the certificate of the pleader, to the effect that the agreement or compromise proposed is, in his opinion, for the benefit of the minor :
Provided that the opinion so expressed, whether in the affidavit or in the certificate shall not preclude the Court from examining whether the agreement or compromise proposed is, for the benefit of the minor. ]
(2) Any such agreement or compromise entered into without the leave of the Court so recorded shall be voidable against all parties other than the minor:
Rule 8. Retirement of next friend
8. Retirement of next friend.—(1) Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, a next friend shall not retire without first procuring a fit person to be put in this place, and giving security for the costs already incurred.
(2) The application for the appointment of a new next friend shall be supported by an affidavit showing the fitness of the person proposed and also that he has no interest adverse to that of the minor.
Rule 9. Removal of next friend
9. Removal of next friend.—(1) Where the interest of the next friend of a minor is adverse to that of the minor or where he is so connected with a defendant whose interest is adverse to that of the minor as to make it unlikely that the minor’s interest will be properly protected by him, or where he does not do his duty, or, during the pendency of the suit, ceases to reside within 67[India], or for any other sufficient cause, application, may be made on behalf of the minor or by a defendant for his removal; and the Court, if satisfied of the sufficiency of the cause assigned, may order the next friend to be removed accordingly, and make such other order as to costs as it thinks fit.
(2) Where the next friend is not a guardian appointed or declared by an authority competent in this behalf, and an application is made by a guardian so appointed or declared, who desires to be himself appointed in the place of the next friend, the Court shall remove the next friend unless it considers, for reasons to be recorded by it, that the guardian ought not to be appointed the next friend of the minor, and shall thereupon appoint the applicant to be next friend in his place upon such terms as to the costs already incurred in the suit as it thinks fit.
Rule 10. Stay of proceedings on removal, etc., of next friend
10. Stay of proceedings on removal, etc., of next friend.—(1) On the retirement, removal or death of the next friend of a minor, further proceedings shall be stayed until the appointment of a next friend in his place.
(2) Where the pleader of such minor omits, within a reasonable time, to take steps to get a new next friend appointed, any person interested in the minor or in the matter in issue may, apply to the Court for the appointment of one, and the Court may appoint such person as it thinks fit.
Rule 11. Retirement, removal or death of guardian for the suit
11. Retirement, removal or death of guardian for the suit.—(1) Where the guardian for the suit desires to retire or does not do his duty, or where other sufficient ground is made to appear, the Court may permit such guardian to retire or may remove him, and may make such order as to costs as it thinks fit.
(2) Where the guardian for the suit, retires, dies or is removed by the Court during the pendency of the suit, the Court shall appoint a new guardian in his place.
Rule 12. Course to be followed by minor plaintiff or applicant on attaining majority
12. Course to be followed by minor plaintiff or applicant on attaining majority.—(1) A minor plaintiff or a minor not a party to a suit on whose behalf an application is pending shall, on attaining majority, elect whether he will proceed with the suit or application.
(2) Where be elects to proceed with the suit or application, he shall apply for an order discharging the next friend and for leave to proceed in his own name.
(3) The title of the suit or application shall in such case be corrected so as to read henceforth thus:
“A.B., late a minor by C.D., his next friend, but now having attained majority.”. (4) Where he elects to abandon the suit or application, he shall, if a sole plaintiff or sole applicant,
apply for an order to dismiss the suit or application on repayment of the costs incurred by the defendant or opposite party or which may have been paid by his next friend.
(5) Any application under this rule may be made ex parte but no order discharging a next friend and permitting a minor plaintiff to proceed in his own name shall be made without notice to the next friend.
Rule 13. Where minor co-plaintiff attaining majority desires to repudiate suit
13. Where minor co-plaintiff attaining majority desires to repudiate suit.—(1) Where a minor co-plaintiff on attaining majority desires to repudiate the suit, he shall apply to have his name struck out as co-plaintiff; and the Court, if it finds that he is not a necessary party, shall dismiss him from the suit on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit.
(2) Notice of the application shall be served on the next friend, on any co-plaintiff and on the defendant.
(3) The costs of all parties of such application, and of all or any proceedings theretofore had in the suit, shall be paid by such persons as the Court directs.
(4) Where the applicant is a necessary party to the suit, the Court may direct him to be made a defendant.
Rule 14. Unreasonable or improper suit
14. Unreasonable or improper suit.—(1) A minor on attaining majority may, if a sole plaintiff, apply that a suit instituted in his name by his next friend be dismissed on the ground that it was unreasonable or improper.
(2) Notice of the application shall be served on all the parties concerned; and the Court, upon being satisfied of such unreasonableness or impropriety, may grant the application and order the next friend to pay the costs of all parties in respect of the application and of anything done in the suit, or make such other order as it thinks fit.
Rule 15. Rules 1 to 14 (except rule 2A) to apply to persons of unsound mind
68[15. Rules 1 to 14 (Except rule 2A) to apply to persons of unsound mind.—Rules 1 to 14 (except rule 2A) shall, so far as may be, apply to persons adjudged, before or during the pendency of the suit, to be of unsound mind and shall also apply to persons who, though not so adjudged, are found by the Court on enquiry to be incapable, by reason of any mental infirmity, of protecting their interest when suing being sued.]
Rule 16. Savings
69[16. Savings.—(1) Nothing contained in this Order shall apply to the Ruler of a foreign State suing or being sued in the name of his State, or being sued by the direction of the Central Government in the name of an agent or in any other name.
(2) Nothing contained in this Order shall be construed as affecting or in any way derogating from the provisions of any local law for the time being in force relating to suits by or against minors or by or against lunatics or other persons of unsound mind.]
ORDER XXXIIA
Suits Relating to Matters Concerning the Family
Suits relating to matters concerning the family
Rule 1. Application of the Order
1. Application of the Order.—(1) The provisions of this Order shall apply to suits or proceedings relating to matters concerning the family.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-rule (1), the provisions of this Order shall apply to the following suits or proceedings concerning the family, namely:—
(a) a suit or proceeding for matrimonial relief, including a suit or proceedings for declaration as to the validity of a marriage or as to the matrimonial status of any person;
(b) a suit or proceeding for a declaration as to legitimacy of any person;
(c) a suit or proceeding in relation to the guardianship of the person or the custody of any minor or other member of the family, under a disability;
(d) a suit or proceeding for maintenance;
(e) a suit or proceeding as to the validity or effect of an adoption;
(f) a suit or proceeding, instituted by a member of the family, relating to wills, intestacy and succession;
(g) a suit or proceeding relating to any other matter concerning the family in respect of which, the parties are subject to their personal law. (3) So much of this Order as relates to a matter provided for by a special law in respect of any suit or
proceeding shall not apply to that suit or proceeding.
Rule 2. Proceedings to be held in camera
2. Proceedings to be held in camera.—In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies, the proceedings may be held in camera if the Court so desires and shall be so held if either party so desires.
Rule 3. Duty of Court to make efforts for settlement
3. Duty of Court to make efforts for settlement.—(1) In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applied, an endeavour shall be made by the Court in the first instance, where it is possible to do so consistent with the nature and circumstances of the case, to assist the parties in arriving at a settlement. In respect of the subject-matter of the suit.
(2) If, in any such suit or proceeding, at any stage it appears to the Court that there is a reasonable possibility of a settlement between the parties, the Court may adjourn the proceeding for such period as it thinks fit to enable attempts to be made to effect such a settlement.
(3) The power conferred by sub-rule (2) shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other power of the Court to adjourn the proceedings.
Rule 4. Assistance of welfare expert
4. Assistance of welfare expert.—In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies, it shall be open to the Court to secure the services of such person (preferably a woman where available), whether related to the parties or not, including a person professionally engaged in promoting the welfare of the family as the Court may think fit, for the purpose of assisting the Court in discharging the functions imposed by rule 3 of this Order.
Rule 5. Duty to enquire into facts
5. Duty to enquire into facts.—In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies, it shall be the duty of the Court to inquire, so far it reasonably can, into the facts alleged by the plaintiff and into any facts alleged by the defendant.
Rule 6. “Family”—Meaning of
6. “Family”—meaning of.—For the purposes of this Order, each of the following shall be treated as constituting a family, namely:—
(a) (i) a man and his wife living together,
(ii) any child or children, being issue of theirs; or of such man or such wife,
(iii) any child or children being maintained by such man and wife;
(b) a man not having a wife or not living together with his wife, any child or children, being issue of his, and any child or children being maintained by him;
(c) a women not having it husband or not living together with her husband, any child or children being issue of hers, and any child or children being maintained by her;
(d) a man or woman and his or her brother, sister, ancestor or lineal descendant living with him or her; and
(e) any combination of one or more of the groups specified in clause (a), clause (b), clause (c) or clause (d) of this rule. Explanation.—For the avoidance of doubts, it is hereby declared that the provisions of rule 6 shall be
without any prejudice to the concept of “family” in any personal law or in another law for the time being in force.]
ORDER XXXIII
Suits by Indigent Persons
70[Suits by indigent persons]
Rule 1. Suits may be instituted by indigent persons
1. Suits may be instituted by 71[indigent persons.]—Subject to the following provisions, any suit may be instituted by an 71[indigent person].
72[Explanation I.—A person is an indigent person,—
(a) If he is not possessed of sufficient means (other than property exempt from attachment in execution of a decree and the subject-matter of the suit) to enable him to pay the fee prescribed by law for the plaint in such suit, or
(b) where no such fee is prescribed, if he is not entitled to property worth one thousand rupees other than the property exempt from attachment in execution of a decree, and the subject-matter of the suit.
Explanation II.—Any property which is acquired by a person after the presentation of his
application for permission to sue as an indigent person, and before the decision of the application,
shall be taken into account in considering the question whether or not the applicant is an indigent
person.
Explanation III—Where the plaintiff sues in a representative capacity, the question whether
he is an indigent person shall be determined with reference to the means possessed by him in such
capacity. ]
Rule 1A. Inquiry into the means of an indigent person
73[1A. Inquiry into the means of an indigent person.—Every inquiry into the question whether or
not a person is an indigent person shall be made, in the first instance, by the chief ministerial officer of the Court, unless the Court otherwise directs, and the Court may adopt the report of such officer as its own finding or may itself make an inquiry into the question.]
Rule 2. Contents of application
2. Contents of application.—Every application for permission to sue as an 71[indigent person] shall contain the particulars required in regard to plaints in suits: a schedule of any movable or immovable property belonging to the applicant, with the estimated value thereof, shall be annexed thereto; and it shall be signed and verified in the manner prescribed for the signing and verification of pleadings.
Rule 3. Presentation of application
3. Presentation of application.—Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules the application shall be presented to the Court by the applicant, in person, unless he is exempted from appearing in Court, in which case the application may be presented by an authorised agent who can answer all material questions relating to the application, and who may be examined in the same manner as the party represented by him might have been examined had such party attended in person:
74[Provided that, where there are more plaintiffs than one, it shall be sufficient if the application is presented by one of the plaintiffs.]
Rule 4. Examination of applicant. If presented by agent, Court may order applicant to be examined by commission
4. Examination of applicant.—(1) Where the application is in proper form and duly presented, the Court may, if it thinks fit, examine the applicant, or his agent when the applicant is allowed to appear by agent regarding the merits of the claim and the property of the applicant.
(2) If presented by agent, Court may order applicant to be examined by commission.—Where the application is presented by an agent, the Court may, if it thinks fit, order that the applicant be examined by a commission in the manner in which the examination of an absent witness may be taken.
Rule 5. Rejection of application
5. Rejection of application.—The Court shall reject an application for permission to use as 75[an indigent person]—
(a) where it is not framed and presented in the manner prescribed by rules 2 and 3, or
(b) where the applicant is not 75[an indigent person], or
(c) where he has, within two months next before the presentation of the application, disposed of any property fraudulently or in order to be able to apply for permission to use as 75[an indigent person]:
74[Provided that no application shall be rejected if, even after the value of the property disposed of by the applicant is taken into account, the applicant would be entitled to sue as an indigent person.] or
(d) where his allegations do not show a cause of action, or
(e) where he has entered into any agreement with reference to the subject-matter of the proposed suit under which any other person has obtained an interest in such subject-matter; 74[or]
74[(f) where the allegations, made by the applicant in the application show that the suit would be barred by any law for the time being in force, or
(g) where any other person has entered into an agreement with him to finance the litigation.]
Rule 6. Notice of day for receiving evidence of applicant’s indigency
6. Notice of day for receiving evidence of applicant’s indigency.—Where the Court sees no reason
to reject the application on any of the grounds stated in rule 5, it shall fix a day (of which at least ten day’s clear notice shall be given to the opposite party and the Government pleader) for receiving such evidence as the applicant may adduce in proof of his indigency, and for hearing any evidence which may be adduced in disproof thereof.
Rule 7. Procedure at hearing
767. Procedure at hearing.—(1) On the day so fixed or as soon thereafter as may be convenient the Court shall examine the witnesses (if any) produced by either party, and may examine the applicant or his agent, and shall may 77[a full record of their evidence].
74[(1A) The examination of the witnesses under sub-rule (1) shall be confined to the matters specified in clause (b), clause (c) and clause (e) of rule 5 but the examination of the applicant or his agent may relate to any of the matters specified in rule 5.]
(2) The Court shall also hear any argument which the parties may desire to offer on the question whether, on the face of the application and of the evidence (if any) taken by the Court 78[under rule 6 or under this rule], the applicant is or is not subject to any of the prohibitions specified in rule 5.
(3) The Court shall then either allow or refuse to allow the applicant to sue as 79[an indigent person].
Rule 8. Procedure if application admitted
8. Procedure if application admitted.—Where the application is granted, it shall be numbered and registered, and shall be deemed the plaint in the suit, and the suit shall proceed in all other respects as a suit instituted in the ordinary manner, except that the plaintiff shall not be liable to pay any court-fee 80[or fees payable for service of process] in respect of any petition, appointment of a pleader or other proceeding connected with the suit.
Rule 9. Withdrawal of permission to sue as an indigent person
9. Withdrawal of permission to sue as an 79[indigent person].—The Court may, on the application of the defendant, or of the Government pleader, of which seven days, clear notice in writing has been given to the plaintiff, order that the permission granted to the plaintiff to sue as an indigent person be withdrawn—
(a) if he is guilty of vexatious or improper conduct in the course of the suit;
(b) if it appears that his means are such that he ought not to continue to sue as 79[an indigent person]; or
(c) if he has entered into any agreement with reference to the subject-matter of the suit under which any other person has obtained an interest in such subject-matter.
Rule 9A. Court to assign a pleader to an unrepresented indigent person
81[9A. Court to assign a pleader to an unrepresented indigent person.—(1) Where a person, who is
permitted to sue as an indigent person, is not represented by a pleader, the Court-may, if the circumstances of the case so require, assign a pleader to him.
(2) The High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules providing for—
(a) the mode of selecting pleaders to be assigned under sub-rule (1);
(b) the facilities to be provided to such pleaders by the Court ;
(c) any other matter which is required to be or may be provided by the rules for giving effect to the provisions of sub-rule (1).]
Rule 10. Costs where indigent person succeeds
10. Costs where 79[indigent person] succeeds.—Where the plaintiff succeeds in the suit, the Court
shall calculate the amount of court-fees which would have been paid by the plaintiff if he had not been permitted to sue as 79[an indigent person]; such amount shall be recoverable by the 82[State Government] from any party ordered by the decree to pay the same and shall be a first charge, on the subject-matter of the suit.
Rule 11. Procedure where indigent person fails
11. Procedure where 79[indigent person] fails.—Where the plaintiff fails in the suit or the permission granted to him to sue as an 79[indigent person] has been withdrawn, or where the suit is withdrawn or dismisses,—
(a) because the summons for the defendant to appear and answer has not been served upon him in consequence of the failure of the plaintiff to pay the court-fee or postal charges (if any) chargeable for such service 81[or to present copies of the plaint or concise statement], or
(b) because the plaintiff does not appear when the suit is called on for hearing,
the Court shall order the plaintiff, or any person added as a co-plaintiff to the suit, to pay the court-fees which would have been paid by the plaintiff if he had not been permitted to sue as 79[an indigent person].
Rule 11A. Procedure where indigent person’s suit abates
83[11A. Procedure where 79[indigent person] suit abates.—Where the suit abates by reason of the death of the plaintiff or of any person added as a co-plaintiff, the Court shall order that the amount of court-fees which would have been paid by the plaintiff if he had not been permitted to sue as 79[an indigent person] shall be recoverable by the State Government from the estate of the deceased plaintiff.]
Rule 12. State Government may apply for payment of court-fees
12. State Government may apply for payment of court-fees.—The 84[State Government] shall have the right at any time to apply to the Court to make an order for the payment of court-fees under rule 10, rule 11 or 85[rule 11A].
Rule 13. State Government to be deemed a party
13. State Government to be deemed a party.—All matters arising between the 84[State Government] and any party to the suit under rule 10, rule 11, 85[rule 11A] or rule 12 shall be deemed to be questions arising between the parties to the suit within the meaning of section 47.
Rule 14. Recovery of amount of court-fees
86[14. Recovery of amount of court-fees.—Where an order is made under rule 10, rule 11 or rule 11A, the court shall forthwith cause a copy of the decree or order to be forwarded to the Collector who may, without prejudice to any other mode of recovery, recover the amount of court-fees specified therein from the person or property liable for the payment as if it were an arrear or land revenue.]
Rule 15. Refusal to allow applicant to sue as an indigent person to bar subsequent application of like nature
15. Refusal to allow applicant to sue as 87[an indigent person] to bar subsequent application of like nature.—An order refusing to allow the applicant to sue as 87[an indigent person] shall be a bar to any subsequent application of the like nature by him in respect of the same right to sue; but the applicant shall be at liberty to institute a suit in the ordinary manner in respect of such right;
88[provided that the plaint shall be rejected if he does not pay, either at the time of the institution of the suit or within such time thereafter as the Court may allow,] the costs (if any) incurred by the 84[State Government] and by the opposite party in opposing his application for leave to sue as 87[an indigent person].
Rule 15A. Grant of time for payment of court-fee
89[15A. Grant of time for payment of court-fee.—Nothing contained in rule 5, rule 7 or rule 15 shall prevent a Court, while rejecting an application under rule 5 or refusing an application under rule 7, from granting time to the applicant to pay the requisite court-fee within such time as may be fixed by the Court or extended by it from time to time; and upon such payment and on payment of the costs referred to in 90*** rule 15 within that time, the suit shall be deemed to have been instituted on the date on which the application for permission to sue as an indigent person was presented.]
Rule 16. Costs
16. Costs.—The costs of an application for permission to sue as 87[an indigent person] and of an inquiry into indigency shall be costs in the suit.
Rule 17. Defence by an indigent person
91[17. Defence by an indigent person.—Any defendant, who desire to plead a set-off or counter-claim, may be allowed to set up such claim as an indigent person, and the rules contained in this Order shall so far as may be, apply to him as if he were a plaintiff and his written statement were a plaint.
Rule 18. Power of Government to provide for free legal services to indigent persons
18. Power of Government to provide for free legal services to indigent persons.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Central or State Government may make such supplementary provisions as it thinks fit for providing free legal services to those who have been permitted to sue as indigent persons.
(2) The High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules for carrying out the supplementary provisions made by the Central or State Government for providing free legal services to indigent persons referred to in sub-rule (1), and such rules may include the nature and extent of such legal services, the conditions under which they may be made available, the matters in respect of which, and the agencies through which, such services may be rendered.]
ORDER XXXIV
Suits Relating to Mortgages of Immovable Property
Suits relating to mortgages of immovable property
Rule 1. Parties to suits for foreclosure, sale and redemption
1. Parties to suits for foreclosure sale and redemption.—Subject to the provisions of this Code, all persons having an interest either in the mortgage-security or in the right of redemption shall be joined as parties to any suit relating to the mortgage.
Explanation.—A puisne mortgagee may sue for foreclosure or for sale without making the prior mortgagee a party to the suit; and a prior mortgagee need not be joined in a suit to redeem a subsequent mortgage.
Rule 2. Preliminary decree in foreclosure-suit
92[2. Preliminary decree in foreclosure suit.—(1) In a suit for foreclosure, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree—
(a) ordering that an account be taken of what was due to the plaintiff at the date of such decree for—
(i) principal and interest on the mortgage,
(ii) the costs of suit, if any, awarded to him, and
(iii) other costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by him up to that date in respect of his mortgage-security, together with interest thereon; or (b) declaring the amount so due at that date; and (c) directing—
(i) that, if the defendant pays into Court the amount so found or declared due on or before such date as the Court may fix within six months from the date on which the Court confirms and countersigns the account taken under clause (a), or from the date on which such amount is declared in Court under clause (b), as the case may be, and thereafter pays such amount as may be adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges and expenses as provided in rule 10, together with subsequent interest on such sums respectively as provided in rule 11, the plaintiff shall deliver up to the defendant, or to such person as the defendant appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property, and shall, if so required, re-transfer the property to the defendant at his cost free from the mortgage and from all incumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him, or, where the plaintiff claims by derived title, by those under whom he claims, and shall also, if necessary, put the defendant in possession of the property; and
(ii) that, if payment of the amount found or declared due under or by the preliminary decree is not made on or before the date so fixed, or the defendant fails to pay, within such time as the Court may fix, the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest, the plaintiff shall be entitled to apply for a final decree debarring the defendant from all right to redeem the property.
(2) The Court may, on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before a final decree is passed, extend the time fixed for the payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (1) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.
(3) Where, in a suit for foreclosure, subsequent mortgagees or persons deriving title from, or subrogated to the rights of, any such mortgagees are joined as parties, the preliminary decree shall provide for the adjudication of the respective rights and liabilities of the parties to the suit in the manner and form set forth in Form No. 9 or Form No. 10, as the case may be, of Appendix D with such variations as the circumstances of the case may require.
Rule 3. Final decree in foreclosure-suit
3. Final decree in foreclosure suit.—(1) Where, before a final decree debarring the defendant from all right to redeem the mortgaged property has been passed, the defendant makes payment into Court of all amounts due from him under sub-rule (1) of rule 2, the Court shall, on application made by the defendant in this behalf, pass a final decree—
(a) ordering the plaintiff to deliver up the documents referred to in the preliminary decree, and, if necessary,—
(b) ordering him to re-transfer at the cost or the defendant the mortgaged property as directed in the said decree, and also, if necessary,—
(c) ordering him to put the defendant in possession of the property. (2) Where payment in accordance with sub-rule (1) has not been made, the Court shall, on application
made by the plaintiff in this behalf, pass a final decree declaring that the defendant and all persons claiming through or under him or debarred from all right to redeem the mortgaged property and also, if necessary, ordering the defendant to put the plaintiff in possession of the property.
(3) On the passing of a final decree under sub-rule (2), all liabilities to which the defendant is subject in respect of the mortgage or on account of the suit shall be deemed to have been discharged.
Rule 4. Preliminary decree in suit for sale. Power to decree sale in foreclosure-suit
4. Preliminary decree in suit for sale.—(1) In a suit for sale, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree to the effect mentioned in clauses (a), (b) and (c) (i) of sub-rule (1) of rule 2, and further directing that, in default of the defendant paying as therein mentioned, the plaintiff shall be entitled to apply for a final decree directing that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and the proceeds of the sale (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) be paid into Court and applied in payment of what has been found or declared under or by the preliminary decree due to the plaintiff, together with such amount as may have been adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest, and the balance, if any, be paid to the defendant or other persons entitled to receive the same.
(2) The Court may, on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before a final decree for sale is passed, extend the time fixed for the payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (1) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.
(3) Power to decree sale in foreclosure suit.—In a suit for foreclosure in the case of an anomalous mortgage, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court may, at the instance of any party to the suit or of any other person interested in the mortgage-security or the right of redemption, pass a like decree (in lieu of a decree for foreclosure) on such terms as it thinks fit, including the deposit in Court of a reasonable sum fixed by the Court to meet the expenses of the sale and to secure the performance of the terms.
(4) Where, in a suit for sale or a suit foreclosure in which sale is ordered, subsequent mortgages or persons deriving title from, or subrogated to the rights of, any such mortgagees are joined as parties, the preliminary decree referred to in sub-rule (1) shall provide for the adjudication of the respective rights and liabilities of the parties to the suit in the manner and form set forth in Form No. 9, Form No. 10 or Form No. 11 as the case may be, of Appendix D with such variations as the circumstances of the case may require.
Rule 5. Final decree in suit for sale
5. Final decree in suit for sale.—(1) Where, on or before the day fixed or at any time before the confirmation of a sale made in pursuance of a final decree passed under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the defendant makes payment into Court of all amounts due from him under sub-rule (1) of rule 4, the Court shall, on application made by the defendant in this behalf, pass a final decree or, if such decree has been passed, an order—
(a) ordering the plaintiff to deliver up the documents referred to in the preliminary decree, and, if necessary,—
(b) ordering him to transfer the mortgaged property as directed in the said decree, and, also, if necessary,—
(c) ordering him to put the defendant in possession of the property. (2) Where the mortgaged property or part thereof has been sold in pursuance of a decree passed under
sub-rule (3) of this rule, the Court shall not pass an order under sub-rule (1) of this rule, unless the defendant, in addition to the amount mentioned in sub-rule (1), deposits in Court for payment to the purchaser a sum equal to five per cent. of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by the purchaser.
Where such deposit has been made, the purchaser shall be entitled to an order for repayment of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by him, together with a sum equal to five per cent. thereof.
(3) Where payment in accordance with sub-rule (1) has not been made, the Court shall, on application made by the plaintiff in this behalf, pass a final decree directing that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and that the proceeds of the sale be dealt with in the manner provided in sub-rule (1) of rule 4.
Rule 6. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for sale
6. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for sale.—Where the net proceeds of any sale held under 93[rule 5] are found insufficient to pay the amount due to the plaintiff, the Court, on application by him may, if the balance is legally recoverable from the defendant otherwise than out of the property sold, pass a decree for such balance.
Rule 7. Preliminary decree in redemption suit
7. Preliminary decree in redemption suit.—(1) In a suit for redemption, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree—
(a) ordering that an account be taken of what was due to the defendant at the date of such decree for—
(i) principal and interest on the mortgage,
(ii) the costs of suit, if any, awarded to him, and
(iii) other costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by him up to that date, in respect of mortgage-security, together with interest thereon; or (b) declaring the amount so due at that date; and (c) directing—
(i) that, if the plaintiff pays into Court the amount so found or declared due on or before such date as the Court may fix within six months from the date on which the Court confirms and countersigns the account taken under clause (a), or from the date on which such amount is declared in Court under clause (b), as the case may be, and thereafter pays such amount as may be adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges and expenses as provided in rule 10, together with subsequent interest on such sums respectively as provided in rule 11, the defendant shall deliver up to the plaintiff, or to such person as the plaintiff appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property, and shall, if so required, retransfer the property to the plaintiff at his cost free from the mortgage and from all encumbrances created by the defendant or any person claiming under him where the defendant claims by derived title, by those under whom the claims, and shall also, if necessary put the plaintiff in possession of the property; and
(ii) that, if payment of the amount found or declared due under or by the preliminary decree is not made on or before the date so fixed, or the plaintiff fails to pay, within such time as the Court may fix, the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest, the defendant shall be entitled to apply for a final decree—
(a) in the case of a mortgage other than a usufructuary mortgage, a mortgage by conditional sale, or an anomalous mortgage the terms of which provide for foreclosure only and not for sale, that the mortgage property, be sold, or
(b) in the case of a mortgage by conditional sale or such an anomalous mortgage as aforesaid, that the plaintiff be debarred from all right to redeem the property.
(2) The Court may, on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before the passing of a final decree for foreclosure or sale, as the case may be, extend the time fixed for the payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (1) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.
Rule 8. Final decree in redemption suit
8. Final decree in redemption suit.—(1) Where, before a final decree debarring the plaintiff from all right to redeem the mortgaged property has been passed or before the confirmation of a sale held in pursuance of a final decree passed under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the plaintiff makes payment into Court of all amounts due from him under sub-rule (1) of rule 7, the Court shall, on application made by the plaintiff in this behalf, pass a final decree or, if such decree has been passed, an order—
(a) ordering the defendant to delivery up the documents referred to in the preliminary decree,
and, if necessary,—
(b) ordering him to re-transfer at the cost of the plaintiff the mortgaged property as directed in the said decree,
and, also, if necessary,—
(c) ordering him to put the plaintiff in possession of the property. (2) Where the mortgaged property or a part thereof has been sold in pursuance of a decree passed
under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the Court shall not pass an order under sub-rule (1) of this rule, unless the plaintiff, in addition to the amount mentioned in sub-rule (1), deposits in Court for payment to the purchaser a sum equal to five per cent. of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by the purchaser.
Where such deposit has been made, the purchaser shall be entitled to an order for repayment of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by him, together with a sum equal to five per cent. thereof.
(3) Where payment in accordance with sub-rule (1) has not been made, the Court shall, on application made by the defendant in this behalf,—
(a) in the case of a mortgage by conditional sale or of such an anomalous mortgage as is hereinbefore referred to in rule 7, pass a final decree declaring that the plaintiff and all persons claiming under him are debarred from all right to redeem the mortgaged property and, also, if necessary, ordering the plaintiff to put the defendant in possession of the mortgaged property; or
(b) in the case of any other mortgage, not being a usufructuary mortgage, pass final decree that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and the proceeds of the sale (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) be paid into Court and applied in payment of what is found due to the defendant, and the balance, if any, be paid to the plaintiff or other persons entitled to receive the same.
Rule 8A. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for redemption
94[8A. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for redemption.—Where the net proceeds of
any sale held under 95[rule 8] are found insufficient to pay the amount due to the defendant, the Court, 96[on application by him in execution], may, if the balance is legally recoverable from the plaintiff otherwise than out of the property sold, pass a decree for such balance.]
Rule 9. Decree where nothing is found due or where mortgagee has been overpaid
9. Decree where nothing is found due or where mortgagee has been overpaid.—Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, if it appears, upon taking the account referred to in rule 7, that nothing is due to the defendant or that he has been overpaid, the Court shall pass a decree directing the defendant, if so require, to re-transfer the property and to pay to the plaintiff the amount which may be found due to him; and the plaintiff shall, if necessary, be put in possession of the mortgaged property.
Rule 10. Costs of mortgagee subsequent to decree
97[10. Costs of mortgagee subsequent to decree.—In finally adjusting the amount to be paid to a mortgagee in case of a foreclosure, sale or redemption, the Court shall, unless in the case of costs of the suit the conduct of the mortgagee has been such as to disentitle him thereto, add to the mortgage-money such costs of the suit and other costs, charges and expenses as have been properly incurred by him since the date of the preliminary decree for foreclosure, sale or redemption up to the time of actual payment:]
98[Provided that where the mortgagor, before or at the time of the institution of the suit, tenders or deposits the amount due on the mortgage, or such amount as is not subsequently deficient in the opinion of the Court, he shall not be ordered to pay the costs of the suit to the mortgagee and the mortgagor shall be entitled to recover his own costs of the suit from the mortgagee, unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, otherwise directs.]
Rule 10A. Power of Court to direct mortgagee to pay mesne profits
98[10A. Power of Court to direct mortgagee to pay mesne profits.—Where in a suit for foreclosure, the mortgagor has, before or at the time of the institution of the suit, tendered or deposited the sum due on the mortgage, or such sum as is not substantially deficient in the opinion of the Court, the Court shall direct the mortgagee to pay to the mortgagor mesne profits for the period beginning with the institution of the suit].
Rule 11. Payment of interest
11. Payment of interest.—In any decree passed in a suit for foreclosure, sale or redemption, where interest is legally recoverable, the Court may order payment of interest to the mortgagee as follows, namely:—
(a) interest up to the date on or before which payment of the amount found or declared due is under the preliminary decree to be made by the mortgagor or other person redeeming the mortgage—
(i) on the principal amount found or declared due on the mortgage,—at the rate payable on the principal, or, where no such rate is fixed, at such rate as the Court Deems reasonable,
99* * * * *and
(iii) on the amount adjudged due to the mortgagee for costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by the mortgagee in respect of the mortgage-security up to the date of the preliminary decree and added to the mortgage-money,—at the rate agreed between the parties or, failing such rate, 100[at such rate not exceeding six per cent per annum as the Court deems reasonable]; and 101[(b) subsequent interest up to the date of realisation or actual payment on the aggregate of the
principal sums specified in clause (a) as calculated in accordance with that clause at such rate as the
Court deems reasonable.]]
Rule 12. Sale of property subject to prior mortgage
12. Sale of property subject to prior mortgage.—Where any property the sale of which is directed under this Order is subject to a prior mortgage, the Court may, with the consent of the prior mortgagee, direct that the property- be sold free from the same, giving to such prior mortgagee the same interest in the proceeds of the sale as he had in the property sold.
Rule 13. Application of proceeds
13. Application of proceeds.—(1) Such proceeds shall be brought into Court and applied as follows:—
first, in payment of all expenses incident to the sale or properly incurred in any attempted sale;
secondly, in payment of whatever is due to the prior mortgagee on account of the prior mortgage, and of costs, properly incurred in connection therewith;
thirdly, in payment in all interest due on account of the mortgage in consequence whereof the sale was directed, and of the costs of the suit in which the decree directing the sale was made;
fourthly, in payment of the principal money due on account of that mortgage; and
lastly, the residue (if any) shall be paid to the person proving himself to be interested in the property sold, or if there are more such persons than one, than two, to such persons according to their respective interests therein or upon their joint receipt. (2) Nothing in this rule or in rule 12 shall be deemed to affect the powers conferred by section 57 of
the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882).
Rule 14. Suit for sale necessary for bringing mortgaged property to sale
14. Suit for sale necessary for bringing mortgaged property to sale.—(1) Where a mortgagee has obtained a decree for the payment of money in satisfaction of a claim arising under the mortgage, he shall not be entitled to bring the mortgaged property to sale otherwise than by instituting a suit for sale in enforcement of the mortgage, and he may institute such suit notwithstanding anything contained in Order II, rule 2.
(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to any territories to which the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882), has not been extended.
Rule 15. Mortgages by the deposit of title-deeds and charges
102[15. Mortgages by the deposit of title deeds and charges.—103[(1)] All the provisions contained in this Order which apply to a simple mortgage shall, so far as may be, apply to a mortgage by deposit of title-deeds within the meaning of section 58, and to a charge within the meaning of section 100 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882);
104[(2) Where a decree orders payment of money and charges it on immovable property on default of payment, the amount may be realised by sale of that property in execution of that decree.]
ORDER XXXV
Interpleader
INTERPLEADER
Rule 1. Plaint in interpleader-suit
1. Plaint in interpleader suit.—In every suit of interpleader the plaint shall, in addition to the other statements necessary for plaints, state—
(a) that the plaintiff claims no interest in the subject-matter in dispute other than for charges or costs;
(b) the claims made by the defendants severally; and
(c) that there is no collusion between the plaintiff and any of the defendants.
Rule 2. Payment of thing claimed into Court
2. Payment of thing claimed into Court.—Where the thing claimed is capable of being paid into
Court or placed in the custody of the Court, the plaintiff may be required to so pay or place it before he can be entitled to any order in the suit.
Rule 3. Procedure where defendant is suing plaintiff
3. Procedure where defendant is suing plaintiff.—Where any of the defendants in an interpleader-suit is actually suing the plaintiff in respect the subject-matter of such suit, the Court in which the suit against the plaintiff is pending shall, on being informed by the Court in which the interpleader-suit has been instituted, stay the proceedings as against him; and his costs in the suit so stayed may be provided for in such suit; but if and in so far as, they are not provided for in that suit, they may be added to his costs incurred in the interpleader-suit.
Rule 4. Procedure at first hearing
4. Procedure at first hearing.—(1) At the first hearing the Court may—
(a) declare that the plaintiff is discharged from all liability to the defendants in respect of the thing claimed, award him his costs, and dismiss him from the suit; or
(b) if it thinks that justice or convenience so require, retain all parties until the final disposal of the suit. (2) Where the Court finds that the admission of the parties or other evidence enable it to do so, it may
adjudicate the title to the thing claimed.
(3) Where the admissions of the parties do not enable the Court so to adjudicate, it may direct—
(a) that an issue or issues between the parties be framed and tried, and
(b) that any claimant be made a plaintiff in lieu of or in addition to the original plaintiff,
and shall proceed to try the suit in the ordinary, manner.
Rule 5. Agents and tenants may not institute interpleader-suits
5. Agents and tenants may not institute interpleader suits.—Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to enable agents to sue their principals, or tenants to sue their landlords, for the purpose of compelling them to interplead with any persons other than persons making claim through such principals or landlords.
Illustrations
(a) A deposits a box of jewels with B as his agent. C alleges that the jewels were wrongfully obtained from him by A, and claims them from B. B cannot institute an interpleader-suit against A and C.
(b) A deposits a box of jewels with B as his agent. He then writes to C for the purpose of making the jewels a security for a debt due from himself to C. A afterwards alleges that C’s debt is satisfied, and C alleges the contrary. Both claim the jewels from B. B may institute in interpleader-suit against A and C.
Rule 6. Charge for plaintiff's costs
6. Charge for plaintiff’s costs.—Where the suit is properly instituted the Court may provide for the costs of the original plaintiff by giving him a charge on the thing claimed or in some other effectual way.
ORDER XXXVI
Special Case
SPECIAL CASE
Rule 1. Power to state case for Court’s opinion
1. Power to state case for Court’s opinion.—(1) Parties claiming to be interested in the decision of any question of fact or law may enter into an agreement in writing stating such question in the form of a case for the opinion of the Court, and providing that, upon the finding of the Court with respect to such question,—
(a) a sum of money fixed by the parties or to be determined by the Court shall be paid by one of the parties to the other of them; or
(b) some property, movable or immovable, specified in the agreement, shall be delivered by one of the parties to the other of them; or
(c) one or more of the parties shall do, or refrain from doing, some other particular act specified in the agreement. (2) Every case stated under this rule shall be divided into consecutively numbered paragraphs, and
shall concisely state such facts and specify such documents as may be necessary to enable the Court to decide the question raised thereby.
Rule 2. Where value of subject-matter must be stated
2. Where value of subject-matter must be stated.—Where the agreement is for the delivery of any property, or for the doing, or the refraining from doing, any particular act, the estimated value of the property to be delivered, or to which the act specified has reference, shall be stated in the agreement.
Rule 3. Agreement to be filed and registered as suit
3. Agreement to be filed and registered as suit.—(1) The agreement, if framed in accordance with the rules hereinbefore contained, may be filed 105[with an application] in the Court which would have jurisdiction to entertain a suit, the amount or value of the subject-matter of which is the same as the amount or value of the subject-matter of the agreement.
(2) 106[The application] when so filed, shall be numbered and registered as a suit between one or more of the parties claiming to be interested as plaintiff or plaintiffs, and the other or the others of them as defendant or defendants; and notice shall be given to all the parties to the agreement, other than the party or parties by whom 107[the application was presented.]
Rule 4. Parties to be subject to Court's jurisdiction
4. Parties to be subject to Court’s jurisdiction.—Where the agreement has been filed, the parties to it shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Court and shall be bound by the statements contained therein.
Rule 5. Hearing and disposal of case
5. Hearing and disposal of case.—(1) The case shall be set down for hearing as a suit instituted in the ordinary manner, and the provisions of this Code shall apply to such suit so far as the same are applicable.
(2) Where the Court is satisfied, after examination of the parties, or after taking such evidence as it thinks fit—
(a) that the agreement was duly executed by them,
(b) that they have a bona fide interest in the question stated therein, and
(c) that the same is fit to be decided,
it shall proceed to pronounce judgment thereon, in the same way as in an ordinary suit, and upon the judgment so pronounced a decree shall follow.
Rule 6. No appeal from a decree passed under rule 5
108[6. No appeal from a decree passed under rule 5.—No appeal shall lie from a decree passed under rule 5.]
ORDER XXXVII
Summary Procedure
UMMARY PROCEDURE
Rule 1. Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply
109[1. Courts and classes of suits to which the Order is to apply.—(1) This Order shall apply to the following Courts, namely:—
(a) High Courts, City Civil Courts and Courts of Small Causes; and
(b) other Courts: Provided that in respect of the Courts referred to in clause (b), the High Court may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, restrict the operation of this Order only to such categories of suits as it deems proper, and may also, from time to time, as the circumstances of the case may require, by subsequent notification in the Official Gazette, further restrict, enlarge or vary, the categories of suits to be brought under the operation of this Order as it deems proper.
(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (1), the Order applies to the following classes of suits, namely:—
(a) suits upon bills of exchange, hundies and promissory notes;
(b) suits in which the plaintiff seeks only to recover a debt or liquidated demand in money payable by the defendant, with or without interest, arising,—
(i) on a written contract, or
(ii) on an enactment, where the sum sought to be recovered is a fixed sum of money or in the nature of a debt other than a penalty; or
(iii) on a guarantee, where the claim against the principal is in respect of a debt or liquidated demand only.]
110[(iv) Suit for recovery of receivables instituted by any assignee of a receivable.]
Rule 2. Institution of summary suits
111[2. Institution of summary suits.—(1) A suit, to which this Order applies, may if the plaintiff desires to proceed hereunder, be instituted by presenting a plaint which shall contain,—
(a) a specific averment to the effect that the suit is filed under this Order;
(b) that no relief, which does not fall within the ambit of this rule, has been claimed in the plaint; and
(c) the following inscription, immediately below the number of the suit in the title of the suit, namely :—
“(Under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908).”
(2) The summons of the suit shall be in Form No. 4 in Appendix B or in such other Form as may, from time to time, be prescribed.
(3) The defendant shall not defend the suit referred to in sub-rule (1) unless he enters an appearance and in default of his entering an appearance the allegations in the plaint shall be deemed to be admitted and the plaintiff shall be entitled to a decree for any sum, not exceeding the sum mentioned in the summons, together with interest at the rate specified, if any, up to the date of the decree and such sum for costs as may be determined by the High Court from time to time by rules made in that behalf and such decree may be executed forthwith.]
Rule 3. Procedure for the appearance of defendant
112[3. Procedure for the appearance of defendant.—(1) In a suit to which this Order applies, the plaintiff shall, together with the summons under rule 2, serve on the defendant a copy of the plaint and annexures thereto and the defendant may, at any time within ten days of such service, enter an appearance either in person or by pleader and, in either case, he shall file in Court an address for service of notices on him.
(2) Unless otherwise ordered, all summonses, notices and other judicial processes, required to be served on the defendant, shall be deemed to have been duly served on him if they are left at the address given by him for such service.
(3) On the day of entering the appearance, notice of such appearance shall be given by the defendant to the plaintiff’s pleader, or, if the plaintiff sues in person, to the plaintiff himself, either by notice delivered at or sent by a pre-paid letter directed to the address of the plaintiff's pleader or of the plaintiff, as the case may be.
(4) If the defendant enters an appearance, the plaintiff shall thereafter serve on the defendant a summons for judgment in Form No. 4A in Appendix B or such other Form as may be prescribed from time to time, returnable not less than ten days from the date of service supported by an affidavit verifying the cause of action and the amount claimed and stating that in his belief there is no defence to the suit.
(5) The defendant may, at any time within ten days from the service of such summons for judgment, by affidavit or otherwise disclosing such facts as may be deemed sufficient to entitle him to defend, apply on such summons for leave to defend such suit, and leave to defend may be granted to him unconditionally or upon such terms as may appear to the Court or Judge to be just:
Provided that leave to defend shall not be refused unless the Court is satisfied that the facts disclosed by the defendant do not indicate that he has a substantial defence to raise or that the defence intended to be put up by the defendant is frivolous or vexatious:
Provided further that, where a part of the amount claimed by the plaintiff is admitted by the defendant to be due from him, leave to defend the suit shall not be granted unless the amount so admitted to be due is deposited by the defendant in Court.
(6) At the hearing of such summons for judgment,—
(a) if the defendant has not applied for leave to defend, or if such application has been made and is refused, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment forthwith; or
(b) if the defendant is permitted to defend as to the whole or any part of the claim, the Court or Judge may direct him to give such security and within such time as may be fixed by the Court or Judge and that, on failure to give such security within the time specified by the Court or Judge or to carry out such other directions as may have been given by the Court or Judge, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment forthwith. (7) The Court or Judge may, for sufficient cause shown by the defendant, excuse the delay of the
defendant in entering an appearance or in applying for leave to defend the suit.]
Rule 4. Power to set aside decree
4. Power to set aside decree.—After decree the Court may, under special circumstances set aside the decree, and if necessary stay or set aside execution, and may give leave to the defendant to appear to the summons and to defend the suit, if it seems reasonable to the Court so to do, and on such terms as the Court thinks fit.
Rule 5. Power to order bill, etc., to be deposited with officer of Court
5. Power to order bill, etc., to be deposited with officer of Court.—In any proceeding under this Order the Court may order the bill, hundi or note on which the suit is founded to be forthwith deposited with an officer of the Court, and may further order that all proceedings shall be stayed until the plaintiff gives security for the costs thereof.
Rule 6. Recovery of cost of noting non-acceptance of dishonoured bill or note
6. Recovery of cost of noting non-acceptance of dishonoured bill or note.—The holder of every dishonoured bill of exchange or promissory note shall have the same remedies for the recovery of the expenses incurred in noting the same for non-acceptance or non-payment, or otherwise, by reason of such dishonour, as he has under this Order for the recovery of the amount of such bill or note.
Rule 7. Procedure in suits
7. Procedure in suits.—Save as provided by this Order, the procedure in suits hereunder shall be the same as the procedure in suits instituted in the ordinary manner.
ORDER XXXVIII
Arrest and Attachment Before Judgment
ARREST AND ATTACHMENT BEFORE JUDGMENT
Arrest before judgment
Rule 1. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for appearance
1. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for appearance.—Where at any stage of a suit, other than a suit of the nature referred to in section 16, clauses (a) to (d), the Court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise,—
(a) that the defendant, with intent to delay the plaintiff, or to avoid any process of the Court or to obstruct or delay the execution of any decree that may be passed against him,—
(i) has absconded or left the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or
(ii) is about to abscond or leave the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or
(iii) has disposed of or removed from the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court his property or any part thereof, or (b) that the defendant is about to leave 113[India] under circumstances affording reasonable
probability that the plaintiff will or may thereby be obstructed or delayed in the execution of any
decree that may be passed against the defendant in the suit, the Court may issue a warrant to arrest the defendant and bring him before the Court to show cause why he should not furnish security for his appearance:
Provided that the defendant shall not be arrested if he pays to the officer entrusted with the execution of the warrant any sum specified in the warrant as sufficient to satisfy the plaintiff’s claim; and such sum shall be held in deposit by the Court until the suit is disposed of or until the further order of the Court.
Rule 2. Security
2. Security.—(1) Where the defendant fails to show such cause the Court shall order him either to deposit in Court money or other property sufficient to answer the claim against him, or to furnish security for his appearance at any time when called upon while the suit is pending and until satisfaction of any decree that may be passed against him in the suit, or make such order as it thinks fit in regard to the sum which may have been paid by the defendant under the proviso to the last preceding rule.
(2) Every surety for the appearance of a defendant shall bind himself, in default of such appearance, to pay any sum of money which the defendant may be ordered to pay in the suit.
Rule 3. Procedure on application by surety to be discharged
3. Procedure on application by surety to be discharged.—(1) A surety for the appearance of a defendant may at any time apply to the Court in which he became such surety to be discharged from his obligation.
(2) On such application being made, the Court shall summon the defendant to appear or, if it thinks fit, may issue a warrant for his arrest in the first instance.
(3) On the appearance of the defendant in pursuance of the summons or warrant, or on his voluntary surrender, the Court shall direct the surety to be discharged from his obligation, and shall call upon the defendant to find fresh security.
Rule 4. Procedure where defendant fails to furnish security or find fresh security
4. Procedure where defendant fails to furnish security or find fresh security.—Where the defendant fails to comply with any order under rule 2 or rule 3, the Court may commit him to the civil prison until the decision of the suit or, where a decree is passed against the defendant, until the decree has been satisfied:
Provided that no person shall be detained in prison under this rule in any case for a longer period than six months, nor for a longer period than six weeks when the amount or value of the subject-matter of the suit does not exceed fifty rupees:
Provided also that no person shall be detained in prison under this rule after he has complied with such order.
Attachment before judgment
Rule 5. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for production of property
5. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for production of property.—(1) Where, at any stage of a suit, the Court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise, that the defendant, with intent to obstruct or delay the execution of any decree that may be passed against him,—
(a) is about to dispose of the whole or any part of his property, or
(b) is about to remove the whole or any part of his property from the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court,
the Court may direct the defendant, within a time to be fixed by it, either to furnish security, in such sum as may be specified in the order, to produce and place at the disposal of the Court, when required, the said property or the value of the same, or such portion thereof as may be sufficient to satisfy the decree, or to appear and show cause why he should not furnish security.
(2) The plaintiff shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, specify the property required to be attached and the estimated value thereof.
(3) The Court may also in the order direct the conditional attachment of the whole or any portion of the property so specified.
114[(4) If an order of attachment is made without complying with the provisions of sub-rule (1) of this rule, such attachment shall be void.]
Rule 6. Attachment where cause not shown or security not furnished
6. Attachment where cause not shown or security not furnished.—(1) Where the defendant fails to show cause why he should not furnish security, or fails to furnish the security required, within the time fixed by the Court, the Court may order that the property specified, or such portion thereof as appears sufficient to satisfy any decree which may be passed in the suit, be attached.
(2) Where the defendant shows such cause or furnishes the required security, and the property specified or any portion of it has been attached, the Court shall order the attachment to be withdrawn, or make such other order as it thinks fit.
Rule 7. Mode of making attachment
7. Mode of making attachment.—Save as otherwise expressly provided, the attachment shall be made in the manner provided for the attachment of property in execution of a decree.
Rule 8. Adjudication of claim to property attached before judgment
115[8. Adjudication of claim to property attached before judgment.—Where any claim is preferred to property attached before judgment, such claim shall be adjudicated upon in the manner hereinbefore provided for the adjudication of claim to property attached in execution of a decree for the payment of money.]
Rule 9. Removal of attachment when security furnished or suit dismissed
9. Removal of attachment when security furnished or suit dismissed.—Where an order is made for attachment before judgment, the Court shall order the attachment to be withdrawn when the defendant furnishes the security required, together with security for the cost of the attachment, or when the suit is dismissed.
Rule 10. Attachment before judgment not to affect rights of strangers, nor bar decree-holder from applying for sale
10. Attachment before judgment not to affect rights of strangers, nor bar decree-holder from applying for sale.—Attachment before judgment shall not affect the rights, existing prior to the attachment, of persons not parties to the suit, nor bar any person holding a decree against the defendant from applying for the sale of the property under attachment in execution of such decree.
Rule 11. Property attached before judgment not to be re-attached in execution of decree
11. Property attached before judgment not to be re-attached in execution of decree.—Where property is under attachment by virtue of the provisions of this order decree is subsequently passed in favour of the plaintiff, it shall not be necessary upon an application for execution of such decree to apply for a re-attachment of the property.
Rule 11A. Provisions applicable to attachment
116[11A. Provisions applicable to attachment.—(1) The provisions of this Code applicable to an attachment made in execution of a decree shall, so far as may be, apply to an attachment made before judgment which continues after the judgment by virtue of the provisions of rule 11.
(2) An attachment made before judgment in a suit which is dismissed for default shall not become revived merely by reason of the fact that the order for the dismissal of the suit for default has been set aside and the suit has been restored.]
Rule 12. Agricultural produce not attachable before judgment
12. Agricultural produce not attachable before judgment.—Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to authorise the plaintiff to apply for the attachment of any agricultural produce in the possession of an agriculturist, or to empower the Court to order the attachment or production of such produce.
Rule 13. Small Cause Court not to attach immovable property
117[13. Small Cause Court not to attach immovable property.—Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to empower any Court of Small Causes to make an order for the attachment of immovable property.]
ORDER XXXIX
Temporary Injunctions and Interlocutory Orders
TEMPORARY INJUNCTIONS AND INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS
Temporary injunctions
Rule 1. Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted
1. Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted.—Where in any suit it is proved by affidavit or otherwise—
(a) that any property in dispute in a suit is in danger of being wasted, damaged or alienated by any party to the suit, or wrongfully sold in execution of a decree, or
(b) that the defendant threatens, or intends, to remove or dispose of his property with a view to 118[defrauding] his creditors,
119[(c) that the defendant threatens to dispossess, the plaintiff or otherwise cause injury to the plaintiff in relation to any property in dispute in the suit,]
the Court may by order grant a temporary injunction to restrain such act, or make such other order for the purpose of staying and preventing the wasting, damaging, alienation, sale, removal or disposition of the property 119[or dispossession of the plaintiff, or otherwise causing injury to the plaintiff in relation to any property in dispute in the suit] as the Court thinks fit, until the disposal of the suit or until further orders.
Rule 2. Injunction to restrain repetition or continuance of breach
2. Injunction to restrain repetition or continuance of breach.—(1) In any suit for restraining the defendant from committing a breach of contract or other injury of any kind, whether compensation is claimed in the suit or not, the plaintiff may, at any time after the commencement of the suit, and either before or after judgment, apply to the Court for a temporary injunction to restrain the defendant from committing the breach of contract or injury complained, of, or any breach of contract or injury of a like kind arising out of the same contract or relating to the same property or right.
(2) The Court may by order grant such injunction, on such terms as to the duration of the injunction, keeping an account, giving security, or otherwise, as the Court thinks fit.
120* * * * *
Rule 2A. Consequence of disobedience or breach of injunction
120[2A. Consequence of disobedience or breach of injunction.—(1) In the case of disobedience of any injunction granted or other order made under rule 1 or rule 2 or breach of any of the terms on which the injunction was granted or the order made, the Court granting the injunction or making the order, or any Court to which the suit or proceeding is transferred, may order the property of the person guilty of such disobedience or breach to be attached, and may also order such person to be detained in the civil prison for a term not exceeding three months, unless in the meantime the Court directs his release.
(2) No attachment made under this rule shall remain in force for more than one year, at the end of which time, if the disobedience or breach continues, the property attached may be sold and out of the proceeds, the Court may award such compensation as it thinks fit to the injured party and shall pay the balance, if any, to the party entitled thereto.]
Rule 3. Before granting injunction, Court to direct notice to opposite party
3. Before granting injunction, Court to direct notice to opposite party.—The Court shall in all cases, except where it appears that the object of granting the injunction would be defeated by the delay, before granting an injunction, direct notice of the application for the same to be given to the opposite party:
121[Provided that, where it is proposed to grant an injunction without giving notice of the application to the opposite party, the Court shall record the reasons for its opinion that the object of granting the injunction would be defeated by delay, and require the applicant—
(a) to deliver to the opposite party, or to send to him by 122[speed post with registration], immediately after the order granting the injunction has been made, a copy of the application for injunction together with—
(i) a copy of the affidavit filed in support of the application;
(ii) a copy of the plaint; and
(iii) copies of documents on which the applicant, relies, and (b) to file, on the day on which such injunction is granted or on the day immediately following
that day, an affidavit stating that the copies aforesaid have been so delivered or sent.]
Rule 3A. Court to dispose of application for injunction within thirty days
121[3A. Court to dispose of application for injunction within thirty days.—Where an injunction has been granted without giving notice to the opposite party, the Court shall make an endeavour to finally dispose of the application within thirty days from the date on which the injunction was granted; and where it is unable so to do, it shall record its reasons for such inability.]
Rule 4. Order for injunction may be discharged, varied or set aside
4. Order for injunction may be discharged, varied or set aside.—Any order for an injunction may be discharged, or varied, or set aside by the Court, on application made thereto by any party dissatisfied with such order:
121[Provided that if in an application for temporary injunction or in any affidavit supporting such application, a party has knowingly made a false or misleading statement in relation to a material particular and the injunction was granted without giving notice to the opposite party, the Court shall vacate the injunction unless, for reasons to be recorded, it considers that it is not necessary so to do in the interests of justice:
Provided further that where an order for injunction has been passed after giving to a party an opportunity of being heard, the order shall not be discharged, varied or set aside on the application of that party except where such discharge, variation or setting aside has been necessitated by a change in the circumstances, or unless the Court is satisfied that the order has caused undue hardship to that party.]
Rule 5. Injunction to corporation binding on its officers
5. Injection to corporation binding on its officer.—An injunction directed to a corporation is binding not only on the corporation itself, but also on all members and officers of the corporation whose personal action it seeks to restrain.
Interlocutory orders
Rule 6. Power to order interim sale
6. Power to order interim sale.—The Court may, on the application of any party to a suit, order the sale, by any person named in such order, and in such manner and on such terms as it thinks fit, of any movable property, being the subject-matter of such suit, or attached before judgment in such suit, which is subject to speedy and natural delay, or which for any other just and sufficient cause, it may be desirable to have sold at once.
Rule 7. Detention, preservation, inspection, etc., of subject-matter of suit
7. Detention, preservation, inspection, etc., of subject-matter of suit.—(1) The Court may, on the application of any party to a suit, and on such terms as it thinks fit,—
(a) make an order for the detention, preservation or inspection of any property which is the subject-matter of such suit, or as to which any question may arise therein;
(b) for all or any of the purposes aforesaid authorise any person to enter upon or into any land or building in the possession of any other party to such suit; and
(c) for all or any of the purposes aforesaid authorise any samples to be taken, or any observation to be made or experiment to be tried, which may seem necessary or expendient for the purpose of obtaining full information or evidence. (2) The provisions as to execution of process shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to persons authorised to
enter under this rule.
Rule 8. Application for such orders to be after notice
8. Application for such orders to be after notice.—(1) An application by the plaintiff for an order under rule 6 or rule 7 may be made 123*** at any time after institution of the suit.
(2) An application by the defendant for a like order may be made 124*** at any time after appearance.
125[(3) Before making an order under rule 6 or rule 7 on an application made for the purpose, the Court shall, except where it appears that the object of making such order would be defeated by the delay, direct notice thereof to be given to the opposite party.]
Rule 9. When party may be put in immediate possession of land the subject-matter of suit
9. When party may be put in immediate possession of land the subject-matter of suit.—Where land paying revenue to Government, or a tenure liable to sale, is the subject-matter of a suit, if the party in possesion of such land or tenure neglects to pay the Government revenue, or the rent due to the proprietor of the tenure, as the case may be, and such land or tenure is consequently ordered to be sold, any other party to the suit claiming to have an interest in such land or tenure may, upon payment of the revenue or rent due previously to the sale (and with or without security at the discretion of the Court), be put in immediate possession of the land or tenure, and the Court in its decree may award against the defaulter the amount so paid, with interest thereon at such rate as the Court thinks fit, or may charge the amount so paid, with interest thereon at such rate as the Court orders, in any adjustment of accounts which may be directed in the decree passed in the suit.
Rule 10. Deposit of money, etc., in Court
10. Deposit of money, etc., in Court.—Where the subject-matter of a suit is money or some other thing capable of delivery and any party thereto admits that he holds such money or other thing as a trustee for another party, or that it belongs or is due to another party, the Court may order the same to be deposited in Court or delivered to such last-named party, with or without security, subject to the further direction of the Court.
State Amendment
Uttar Pradesh Amendment of Order XXXIX.— In the First Schedule, in Order XXXIX —
(a) in rule 2, in sub-rule (2) the following proviso shall be inserted, namely :—
“provided that no such injunction shall be granted — (a) where no perpetual injunction could be granted in view of the provisions of section 38 and
section 41 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, or
(b) to stay the operation of an order for, transfer, suspension, reduction in rank, compulsory retirement, dismissal, removal or otherwise termination of service of, or taking charge from, any employee including any employee of the Government, or
(c) to say, any disciplinary proceeding pending or intended or, the effect of any adverse entry, against any employee of the Government, or
(d) to affect the internal management or affairs of, any educational institution including a University, or a society, or
(e) to restrain any election, or
(f) to restrain, any auction intended to be made or, the effect of any auction made, by the Government, or
(g) to stay the proceedings for the recovery of any dues recoverable as land revenue unless adequate security is furnished, or
(h) in any matter where a reference can be made to the Chancellor of a University under any
enactment for the time being in force ;
and any order for injunction granted in contravention of these provisions shall be void.” ;
(b) in rule 4 —
(i) after the words “by the court”, the words “for reasons to be recorded, either on its own motion or” shall be inserted ;
(ii) at the end, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—
“Provided that if at any stage of the suit it appears to the Court that the party in whose favour
the order of injunction exists is dilating the proceeding or is otherwise abusing the process of Court, it
shall set aside the order for injunction.”
[Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 57 of 1976, s. 13] Uttar Pradesh Amendment of order XXXIX of First Schedule.— In the First Schedule to the said Code, in Order XXXIX, in rule 2, in sub-rule (2), in the proviso, clause (d) shall be omitted. [Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 17 of 1991, s. 8]
ORDER XL
Appointment of Receivers
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVERS
Rule 1. Appointment of receivers
1. Appointment of receivers.—(1) Where it appears to the Court to be just and convenient, the Court may by order—
(a) appoint a receiver of any property, whether before or after decree;
(b) remove any person from the possession or custody of the property;
(c) commit the same to the possession, custody or management of the receiver; and
(d) confer upon the receiver all such powers, as to bringing and defending suits and for the realisation, management, protection, preservation and improvement of the property, the collection of the rents and profits thereof, the application and disposal of such rents and profits, and the execution of documents as the owner himself has, or such of those powers as the Court thinks fit. (2) Nothing in this rule shall authorise the Court to remove from the possession or custody of
property any person whom any party to the suit has not a present right so to remove.
Rule 2. Remuneration
2. Remuneration.—The Court may by general or special order fix the amount to be paid as remuneration for the services of the receiver.
Rule 3. Duties
3. Duties.—Every receiver so appointed shall—
(a) furnish such security (if any) as the Court thinks fit, duly to account for what he shall receive in respect of the property;
(b) submit his accounts at such periods and in such form as the Court directs;
(c) pay the amount due from him as the Court directs; and
(d) be responsible for any loss occasioned to the property by his wilful default or gross negligence.
Rule 4. Enforcement of receiver’s duties
4. Enforcement of receiver’s duties.—Where a receiver—
(a) fails to submit his accounts at such periods and in such form as the Court directs, or
(b) fails to pay amount due from him as the Court directs, or
(c) occasions loss to the property by his wilful default or gross negligence,
the Court may direct his property to be attached and may sell such property, and may apply the proceeds to make good any amount found to be due from him or any loss occasioned by him, and shall pay the balance (if any) to the receiver.
Rule 5. When Collector may be appointed receiver
5. When Collector may he appointed receiver.—Where the property is land paying revenue to the Government, or land of which the revenue has been assigned or redeemed, and the Court considers that the interests of those concerned will be promoted by the management of the Collector, the Court may, with the consent of the Collector, appoint him to be receiver of such property.
ORDER XLI
Appeals from Original Decrees
APPEALS FROM ORIGINAL DECREES
Rule 1. Form of appeal. What to accompany memorandum. Contents of memorandum
1. Form of appeal. What to accompany memorandum.—(1) Every appeal shall be preferred in the form of a memorandum signed by the appellant or his pleader and presented to the Court or to such officer as it appoints in this behalf. The memorandum shall be accompanied by a copy of the 126[Judgment].
127[Provided that where two or more suits have been tried together and a common judgment has been delivered therefor and two or more appeals are filed against any decree covered by that judgment, whether by the same appellant or by different appellants, the Appellate Court may dispense with the filing of more than one copy of the judgment.]
(2) Contents of memorandum.—The memorandum shall set forth, concisely and under distinct heads, the grounds of objection to the decree appealed from without any argument or narrative; and such grounds shall be numbered consecutively.
127[(3) Where the appeal is against a decree for payment of money, the appellant shall, within such time as the Appellate Court may allow, deposit the amount disputed in the appeal or furnish such security in respect thereof as the Court may think fit.]
Rule 2. Grounds which may be taken in appeal
2. Grounds which may be taken in appeal.—The appellant shall not, except by leave of the Court, urge or be heard in support of any ground of objection not set forth in the memorandum of appeal; but the Appellate Court, in deciding the appeal, shall not be confined to the grounds of objections set forth in the memorandum of appeal or taken by leave of the Court under this rule:
Provided that the Court shall not rest its decision on any other ground unless the party who may be affected thereby has had a sufficient opportunity of contesting the case on that ground.
Rule 3. Rejection or amendment of memorandum
3. Rejection or amendment of memorandum.—(1) Where the memorandum of appeal is not drawn up in the manner hereinbefore prescribed, it may be rejected, or be returned to the appellant for the purpose of being amended within a time to be fixed by the Court or be amended then and there.
(2) Where the Court rejects any memorandum, it shall record the reasons for such rejection.
(3) Where a memorandum of appeal is amended, the judge, or such officer as he appoints in this behalf, shall sign or initial the amendment.
Rule 3A. Application for condonation of delay
128[3A. Application for condonation of delay.—(1) When an appeal is presented after the expiry of the period of limitation specified therefore, it shall be accompanied by an application supported by affidavit setting forth the facts on which the appellant relies to satisfy the Court that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within such period.
(2) If the Court sees no reason to reject the application without the issue of a notice to the respondent, notice hereof shall be issued to the respondent and the matter shall be finally decided by the Court before it proceeds to deal with the appeal under rule 11 or rule 13, as the case may be.
(3) Where an application has been made under sub-rule (1), the Court shall not make an order fact the stay of execution of the decree against which the appeal is proposed to be filed so long as the Court does not, after hearing under rule 11, decide to hear the appeal.]
Rule 4. One of several plaintiffs or defendants may obtain reversal of whole decree where it proceeds on ground common to all
4. One of several plaintiffs or defendants may obtain reversal of whole decree where it proceeds on ground common to all.—Where there are more plaintiffs or more defendants than one in a suit, and the decree appealed from proceeds on any ground common to all the plaintiffs or to all the defendants, any one of the plaintiffs or of the defendants may appeal from the whole decree, and thereupon the Appellate Court may reverse or vary the decree in favour of all the plaintiffs or defendants, as the case may be.
Stay of proceedings and of execution
Rule 5. Stay by Appellate Court. Stay by Court which passed the decree
5. Stay by Appellate Court.—(1) An appeal shall not operate as a stay of proceedings under a decree or order appealed from except so far as the Appellate Court may order, nor shall execution of a decree be stayed by reason only of an appeal having been preferred from the decree; but the Appellate Court may for sufficient cause order stay of execution of such decree.
128[Explanation.—An order by the Appellate Court for the stay of execution of the decree shall be effective from the date of the communication of such order to the Court of first instance, but an affidavit sworn by the appellant, based on his personal knowledge, stating that an order for the stay of execution of the decree has been made by the Appellate Court shall, pending the receipt from the Appellate Court of the order for the stay of execution or any order to the contrary, be acted upon by the Court of first instance.]
(2) Stay by Court which passed the decree.—Where an application is made for stay of execution of an appealable decree before the expiration of the time allowed for appealing therefrom, the Court which passed the decree may on sufficient cause being shown order the execution to be stayed.
(3) No order for stay of execution shall be made under sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (2) unless the Court making it is satisfied—
(a) that substantial loss may result to the party applying for stay of execution unless the order is made;
(b) that the application has been made without unreasonable delay; and
(c) that security has been given by the applicant for the due performance of such decree or order as may ultimately be binding upon him. (4) 129[Subject to the provision of sub-rule (3),] the Court may make an ex parte order for stay of
execution pending the hearing of the application.
128[(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing sub-rules, where the appellant fails to make the deposit or furnish the security specified in sub-rule (3) of rule 1, the Court shall not make an order staying the execution of the decree.]
Rule 6. Security in case of order for execution of decree appealed from
6. Security in case of order for execution of decree appealed from.—(1) Where an order is made for the execution of a decree from which an appeal is pending, the Court which passed the decree shall, on sufficient cause being shown by the appellant, require security to be taken for the restitution of any property which may be or has been taken in execution of the decree or for the payment of the value of such property and for the due performance of the decree or order of the Appellate Court, or the Appellate Court may for like cause direct the Court which passed the decree to take such security.
(2) Where an order has been made for the sale of immovable property in execution of a decree, and an appeal is pending from such decree, the sale shall, on the application of the judgment-debtor to the Court which made the order, be stayed on such terms as to giving security or otherwise as the Court thinks fit until the appeal is disposed of.
Rule 7. [Repealed.]
7. 130[No security to be required from the Government or a public officer in certain cases.] Rep. by the A.O. 1937.
Rule 8. Exercise of powers in appeal from order made in execution of decree
8. Exercise of power in appeal from order made in execution of decree.—The powers conferred by rules 5 and 6 shall be exercisable where an appeal may be or has been preferred not from the decree but from an order made in execution of such decree.
Procedure on admission of appeal
Rule 9. Registry of memorandum of appeal
131[9. Registry of memorandum of appeal.—(1) The Court from whose decree an appeal lies shall entertain the memorandum of appeal and shall endorse thereon the date of presentation and shall register the appeal in a book of appeal kept for that purpose.
(2) Such book shall be called the register of appeal.]
Rule 10. Appellate Court may require appellant to furnish security for costs. Where appellant resides out of India
10. Appellate Court may require appellant to furnish security for costs.—(1) The Appellate Court may in its discretion, either before the respondent is called upon to appear and answer or afterwards on the application of the respondent, demand from the appellant security for the costs of the appeal, or of the original suit, or of both:
Where appellant resides out of India.—Provided that the Court shall demand such security in all cases in which the appellant is residing out of 132[India], and is not possessed of any sufficient immovable property within 132[India] other than the property (if any) to which the appeal relates.
(2) Where such security is not furnished within such time as the Court orders, the Court shall reject the appeal.
Rule 11. Power to dismiss appeal without sending notice to Lower Court
11. Power to dismiss appeal without sending notice to Lower Court.—133[(1) The Appellate Court after fixing a day for hearing the appellant or his pleader and hearing him accordingly if he appears on that day may dismiss the appeal].
(2) If on the day fixed or any other day to which the hearing may be adjourned the appellant does not appear when the appeal is called on for hearing, the Court may make an order that the appeal be dismissed.
(3) The dismissal of an appeal under this rule shall be notified to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred.
134[(4) Where an Appellate Court, not being the High Court, dismisses an appeal under sub-rule (1), it shall deliver a judgment, recording in brief its grounds for doing so, and a decree shall be drawn up in accordance with the judgment.]
Rule 11A. Time within which hearing under rule 11 should be concluded
134[11A. Time within which hearing under rule 11 should be concluded.—Every appeal shall be hear under rule 11 as expeditiously as possible and endeavour shall be made to conclude such hearing within sixty days from the date on which the memorandum of appeal is filed.]
Rule 12. Day for hearing appeal
12. Day for hearing appeal.—(1) Unless the Appellate Court dismisses the appeal under rule 11, it shall fix a day for hearing the appeal.
135[(2) Such day shall be fixed with reference to the current business of the Court.]
Rule 13. [Omitted.]
13. [Appellate Court to give notice to Court whose decree appealed from.] Omitted by Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1999 (46 of 1999), s. 31 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002.)
Rule 14. Publication and service of notice of day for hearing appeal. Appellate Court may itself cause notice to be served
14. Publication and service of notice of day for hearing appeal.—(1) Notice of the day fixed under rule 12 shall be affixed in the Appellate Court-house, and a like notice shall be sent by the Appellate Court to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, and shall be served on the respondent or on his pleader in the Appellate Court in the manner provided for the service on a defendant of a summons to appear and answer, and all the provisions applicable to such summons, and to proceedings with reference to the service thereof, shall apply to the service of such notice.
(2) Appellate Court may itself cause notice to be served.—Instead of sending the notice to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, the Appellate Court may itself cause the notice to be served on the respondent or his pleader under the provisions above referred to.
136[(3) The notice to be served on the respondent shall be accompanied by a copy of the memorandum of appeal.
(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in sub-rule (1), it shall not be necessary to serve notice of any proceeding incidental to an appeal on any respondent other than a person impleaded for the first time in the Appellate Court, unless he has appeared and filed an address for the service in the Court of first instance or has appeared in the appeal.
(5) Nothing in sub-rule (4) shall bar the respondent referred to in the appeal from defending it.]
Rule 15. [Omitted.]
15. [Contents of notice.] Omitted by Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act 1999, (46 of 1999), s. 31 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002.)
Procedure on hearing
Rule 16. Right to begin
16. Right to begin.—(1) On the day fixed, or on any other day to which the hearing may be adjourned, the appellant shall be heard in support of the appeal.
(2) The Court shall then, if it does not dismiss the appeal at once, hear the respondent against the appeal, and in such case the appellant shall be entitled to reply.
Rule 17. Dismissal of appeal for appellant's default. Hearing appeal ex parte
17. Dismissal of appeal for appellants’ default.—(1) Where on the day fixed, or on any other day to which the hearing may be adjourned, the appellant does not appear when the appeal is called on for hearing, the Court may make an order that the appeal be dismissed.
137[Explanation.—Nothing in this sub-rule shall be construed as empowering the Court to dismiss the appeal on the merits.]
(2) Hearing appeal ex parte.—Where the appellant appears and the respondent does not appear, the appeal shall be heard ex parte.
Rule 18. [Omitted.]
18. [Dismissal of appeal where notice not served in consequence of appellant’s failure to deposit cost.] Omitted by the Code of Civil Procedure ( Amendment)Act,1999 (46 of 1999) s. 31 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
Rule 19. Re-admission of appeal dismissed for default
19. Re-admission of appeal dismissed for default. —Where an appeal is dismissed under rule 11, sub-rule (2) or rule 17 137[***] the appellant may apply to the Appellate Court for the re-admission of the appeal; and, where it is proved that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from appearing when the appeal was, called on for hearing or from depositing the sum so required, the Court shall re-admit the appeal on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit.
Rule 20. Power to adjourn hearing and direct persons appearing interested to be made respondents
20. Power to adjourn hearing and direct persons appearing interested to be made respondents.— 138[(1)] Where it appears to the Court at the hearing that any person who was a party to the suit in the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, but who has not been made a party to the appeal, is interested in the result of the appeal, the Court may adjourn the hearing to a future day to be fixed by the Court and direct that such person be made a respondent.
139[(2) No respondent shall be added under this rule, after the expiry of the period of limitation for appeal, unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, allows that to be done, on such terms as to costs as it thinks fit.]
Rule 21. Re-hearing on application of respondent against whom ex parte decree made
21. Re-hearing on application of respondent against whom ex parte decree made.—Where an appeal is heard ex parte and judgment is pronounced against the respondent, he may apply to the Appellate Court to re-hear the appeal; and, if he satisfies the Court that the notice was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing when the appeal was called on for hearing, the Court shall re-hear the appeal on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit to impose upon him.
Rule 22. Upon hearing respondent may object to decree as if he had preferred a separate appeal. Form of objection and provisions applicable thereto
22. Upon hearing respondent may object to decree as if he had preferred separate appeal.—(1) Any respondent, though he may not have appealed from any part of the decree, may not only support the decree 140[but may also state that the finding against him in the Court below in respect of any issue ought to have been in his favour; and may also take any cross-objection] to the decree which he could have taken by way of appeal provided he has filed such objection in the Appellate Court within one month from the date of service on him or his pleader of notice of the day fixed for hearing the appeal, or within such further time as the Appellate Court may see fit to allow.
141Explanation.—A respondent aggrieved by a finding of the Court in the judgment on which the decree appealed against is based may, under this rule, file cross-objection in respect of the decree in so far as it is based on that finding, notwithstanding that by reason of the decision of the Court on any other finding which is sufficient for the decision of the suit, the decree, is, wholly or in part, in favour of that respondent.]
(2) Form of objection and provisions applicable thereto.—Such cross-objection shall be in the form of a memorandum, and the provisions of rule 1, so far as they relate to the form and contents of the memorandum of appeal, shall apply thereto.
142* * * * *
(4) Where, in any case in which any respondent has under this rule filed a memorandum of objection, the original appeal is withdrawn or is dismissed for default, the objection so filed may nevertheless be heard and determined after such notice to the other parties as the Court thinks fit.
(5) The provisions relating to appeals by indigent persons shall, so far as they can be made applicable, apply to an objection under this rule.
Rule 23. Remand of case by Appellate Court
23. Remand of case by Appellate Court.—Where the Court from whose decree an appeal is preferred has disposed of the suit upon a preliminary point and the decree is reversed in appeal, the Appellate Court may, if it thinks fit, by order remand the case, and may further direct what issue or issues shall be tried in the case so remanded, and shall send a copy of its judgment and order to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, which directions to re-admit the suit under its original number in the register of civil suits, and proceed to determine the suit; and the evidence (if any) recorded during the original trial shall, subject to all just exceptions, be evidence during the trial after remand.
Rule 23A. Remand in other cases
141[23A. Remand in other cases.—Where the Court from whose decree an appeal is preferred has disposed of the case otherwise than on a preliminary point, and the decree is reversed in appeal and a re-trial is considered necessary, the Appellate Court shall have the same powers as it has under rule 23.
Rule 24. Where evidence on record sufficient, Appellate Court may determine case finally
24. Where evidence on record sufficient Appellate Court may determine case finally.—Where the evidence upon the record is sufficient to enable the Appellate Court to pronounce judgement, the Appellate Court may, after resettling the issues, if necessary, finally determine the suit, notwithstanding that the judgment of the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has proceeded wholly upon some ground other than that on which the Appellate Court proceeds.
Rule 25. Where Appellate Court may frame issues and refer them for trial to Court whose decree appealed from
25. Where Appellate Court may frame issues and refer them for trial to Court whose decree appealed from.—Where the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has omitted to frame or try any issue, or to determine any question of fact, which appears to the Appellate Court essential to the right decision of the suit upon the merits, the Appellate Court may, if necessary, frame issues, and refer the same for trial to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, and in such case shall direct such Court to take the additional evidence required;
and such Court shall proceed to try such issues, and shall return the evidence to the Appellate Court together with its findings thereon and the reasons therefor 143[within such time as may be fixed by the Appellate Court or extended by it from time to time].
Rule 26. Findings and evidence to be put on record. Objections to findings. Determination of appeal
26. Findings and evidence to be put on record. Objections to findings.—(1) Such evidence and findings shall form part of the record in the suit; and either party may, within a time to be fixed by the Appellate Court, present a memorandum of objections to any finding.
(2) Determination of appeal.—After the expiration of the period so fixed for presenting such memorandum the Appellate Court shall proceed to determine the appeal.
Rule 26A. Order of remand to mention date of next hearing
143[26A. Order of remand to mention date of next hearing.—Where the Appellate Court remands a case under rule 23 or rule 23A, or frames issues and refers them for trial under rule 25, it shall fix a date for the appearance of the parties before the Court from whose decree the appeal was preferred for the purpose of receiving the directions of that Court as to further proceedings in the suit.]
Rule 27. Production of additional evidence in Appellate Court
27. Production of additional evidence in Appellate Court.—(1) The parties to an appeal shall not be entitled to produce additional evidence, whether oral or documentary, in the Appellate Court. But if —
(a) the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has refused to admit evidence which ought to have been admitted, or
143[(aa) the party seeking to produce additional evidence, establishes that notwithstanding the exercise of due diligence, such evidence was not within his knowledge or could not, after the exercise of due diligence, be produced by him at the time when the decree appealed against was passed, or]
(b) the Appellate Court requires any document to be produced or any witness to be examined to enable it to pronounce judgment, or for any other substantial cause,
the Appellate Court may allow such evidence or document to be produced, or witness to be examined.
(2) Wherever additional evidence is allowed to be produced by an Appellate Court, the Court shall record the reason for its admission.
Rule 28. Mode of taking additional evidence
28. Mode of taking additional evidence.—Wherever additional evidence is allowed to be produced, the Appellate Court may either take such evidence, or direct the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, or any other subordinate Court, to take such evidence and to send it when taken to the Appellate Court.
Rule 29. Points to be defined and recorded
29. Points to be defined and recorded.—Where additional evidence is directed or allowed to be taken, the Appellate Court shall specify the points to which the evidence is to be confined, and record on its proceedings the points so specified.
Judgment in appeal
Rule 30. Judgment when and where pronounced
30. Judgment when and where pronounced.—144[(1)] The Appellate Court, after hearing the parties or their pleaders and referring to any part of the proceedings, whether on appeal or in the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, to which reference may be considered necessary, shall pronounce judgment in open Court, either at once or on some future day of which notice shall be given to the parties or their pleaders.
145[(2) Where a written judgment is to be pronounced, it shall be sufficient if the points for determination, the decision thereon and the final order passed in the appeal are read out and it shall not be necessary for the Court to read out the whole judgment, but a copy of the whole judgment shall be made available for the perusal of the parties or their pleaders immediately after the judgment is pronounced.]
Rule 31. Contents, date and signature of judgment
31. Contents, date and signature of judgment.—The judgment of the Appellate Court shall be in writing and shall state—
(a) the points for determination;
(b) the decision thereon;
(c) the reasons for the decision; and
(d) where the decree appealed from is reversed or varied, the relief to which the appellant is entitled,
and shall at the time that it is pronounced be signed and dated by the Judge or by the Judges concurring therein.
Rule 32. What judgment may direct
32. What judgment may direct.—The judgment may be for confirming, varying or reversing the decree from which the appeal is preferred, or, if the parties to the appeal agree as to the form which the decree in appeal shall take, or as to the order to be made in appeal, the Appellate Court may pass a decree or make an order accordingly.
Rule 33. Power of Court of appeal
33. Power of Court of Appeal.—The Appellate Court shall have power to pass any decree and make any order which ought to have been passed or made and to pass or make such further or other decree or order as the case may require, and this power may be exercised by the Court notwithstanding that the appeal is as to part only of the decree and may be exercised in favour of all or any of the respondents or parties, although such respondents or parties may not have filed any appeal or objection 145[and may, where there have been decrees in cross-suits or where two or more decrees are passed in one suit, be exercised in respect of all or any of the decrees, although an appeal may not have been filed against such decrees]:
146[Provided that the Appellate Court shall not make any order under section 35A in pursuance of any objection on which the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has omitted or refused to make such order.]
Illustration
A claims a sum of money as due to him from X or Y, and in a suit against both obtains a decree against X. X, appeals and A and Y are respondents. The Appellate Court decides in favour of X. It has power to pass a decree against Y.
Rule 34. Dissent to be recorded
34. Dissent to be recorded.—Where the Appeal is heard by more judges than one, any judge dissenting from the judgment of the Court shall state in writing the decision or order which he thinks should be passed on the appeal, and he may state his reasons for the same.
Decree in appeal
Rule 35. Date and contents of decree. Judge dissenting from judgment need not sign decree
14735. Date and contents of decree.—(1) The decree of the Appellate Court shall bear date the day on which the judgment was pronounced.
(2) The decree shall contain the number of the appeal, the names and descriptions of the appellant and respondent, and a clear specification of the relief granted or other adjudication made.
(3) The decree shall also state the amount of costs incurred in the appeal, and by whom, or out of what property, and in what proportions such costs and the costs in the suit are to be paid.
(4) The decree shall be signed and dated by the Judge or Judges who passed it:
Judge dissenting from judgment need not sign decree.—Provided that where there are more Judges than one and there is a difference of opinion among them, it shall not be necessary for any Judge dissenting from the judgment of the Court to sign the decree.
Rule 36. Copies of judgment and decree to be furnished to parties
36. Copies of judgment and decree to be furnished to parties.—Certified copies of the judgment and decree in appeal shall be furnished to the parties on application to the Appellate Court and at their expense.
Rule 37. Certified copy of decree to be sent to Court whose decree appealed from
37. Certified copy of decree to be sent to Court whose decree appealed from.—A copy of the judgment and of the decree, certified by the Appellate Court or such officer as it appoints in this behalf, shall be sent to the Court which passed the decree appealed from and shall be filed with the original proceedings in the suit, and an entry of the judgment of the Appellate Court shall be made in the register of civil suits.
ORDER XLII
Appeals from Appellate Decrees
APPEALS FROM APPELLATE DECREES
Rule 1. Procedure
1. Procedure.—The rules of Order XLI shall apply, so far as may be, to appeals from appellate decrees.
Rule 2. Power of Court to direct that the appeal be heard on the question formulated by it
148[2. Power of Court to direct that the appeal be heard on the question formulated by it.—At the time of making an order under rule 11 of Order XLI for the hearing of a second appeal, the Court shall formulate the substantial question of law as required by section 100, and in doing so, the Court may direct that the second appeal be heard on the question so formulated and it shall not be open to the appellant to urge any other ground in the appeal without the leave of the Court, given in accordance with the provision of section 100.
Rule 3. Application of rule 14 of Order XLL
3. Application of rule 14 of Order XLI.—Reference in sub-rule (4) of rule 14 of Order XLI to the Court of first instance shall, in the case of an appeal from an appellate decree or order, be construed as a reference to the Court to which the appeal was preferred from the original decree or order.]
ORDER XLIII
Appeals from Orders
Rule 1. Appeals from orders
1. Appeal from orders.—An appeal shall lie from the following orders under the provisions of section 104, namely:—
(a) an order under rule 10 of Order VII returning a plaint to be presented to the proper Court 149[except where the procedure specified in rule 10A of Order VII has been followed];
150 * * * * *
(c). an order under rule 9 of order IX rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside the dismissal of a suit;
(d) an order under rule 13 of Order IX rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside a decree passed ex parte;
150* * * * *
(f) an order under rule 21 of Order XI;
150* * * * *
(i) an order under rule 34 of Order XXI on an objection to the draft of a document or of an endorsement;
(j) an order under rule 72 or rule 92 of Order XXI setting aside or refusing to set aside a sale;
151[(ja) an order rejecting an application made under sub-rule (1) of rule 106 of Order XXI, provided that an order on the original application, that is to say, the application referred to in sub-rule (1) of rule 105 of that Order is appealable;]
(k) an order under rule 9 of Order XXII refusing to set aside the abatement or dismissal of a suit;
(l) an order under rule 10 of Order XXII giving or refusing to give leave;
152* * * * *
(n) an order under rule 2 of Order XXV rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside the dismissal of a suit;
151[(na) an order under rule 5 or rule 7 of Order XXXIII rejecting an application for permission to sue as an indigent person;]
152* * * * *
(p) orders in interpleader-suits under rule 3, rule 4 or rule 6 of Order XXXV;
(q) an order under rule 2, rule 3 or rule 6 of Order (XXVIII);
(r) an order under rule 1, rule 2 151[rule 2A], rule 4 or rule 10 of Order XXXIX;
(s) an order under rule 1, or rule 4 of Order XL;
(t) an order of refusal under rule 19 of Order XLI to re-admit, or under rule 21 of Order XLI to re-hear, an appeal;
(u) an order under rule 23 151[or rule 23A] of Order XLI remanding a case, where an appeal would lie from the decree of the Appellate Court;
152* * * * *
(w) an order under rule 4 of Order XLVII granting an application for review.
Rule 1A. Right to challenge non-appealable orders in appeal against decrees
151[1A. Right to challenge non-appealable orders in appeal against decrees.—(1) Where any order is made under this Code against a party and thereupon any judgment is pronounced against such party and a decree is drawn up, such party may, in an appeal against the decree, contend that such order should not have been made and the judgment should not have been pronounced.
(2) In an appeal against a decree passed in a suit after recording a compromise or refusing to record a compromise, it shall be open to the appellant to contest the decree on the ground that the compromise should, or should not, have been recorded.]
Rule 2. Procedure
2. Procedure.—The rules of Order XLI shall apply, so far as may be, to appeals from orders.
ORDER XLIV
Appeals by Indigent Persons
153[APPEALS BY INDIGENT PERSONS]
Rule 1. Who may appeal as an indigent person
1. Who may appeal 154[as an indigent person]. —155[(1)] Any person entitled to prefer an appeal, who is unable to pay the fee required for the memorandum of appeal, may present an application accompanied by a memorandum of appeal, and may be allowed to appeal as an 156[indigent person], subject, in all matters, including the presentation of such application, to the provisions relating to suits by 154[indigent persons], in so far as those provisions are applicable.
157* * * * *
158* * * * *
Rule 2. Grant of time for payment of Court-fee
159[2. Grant of time for payment of court-fee.—Where an application is rejected under rule 1, the Court may, while rejecting the application, allow the applicant to pay the requisite Court-fee, within such time as may be fixed by the Court or extended by it from time to time; and upon such payment, the memorandum of appeal in respect of which such fee is payable shall have the same force and effect as if such fee had been paid in the first instance.
Rule 3. Inquiry as to whether applicant is an indigent person
3. Inquiry as to whether applicant is an indigent person.—(1) Where an applicant, referred to in rule 1, was allowed to sue or appeal as an indigent person in the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, no further inquiry in respect of the question whether or not he is an indigent person shall be necessary if the applicant has made an affidavit stating that he has not ceased to be an indigent person since the date of the decree appealed from; but if the Government Pleader or the respondent disputes the truth of the statement made in such affidavit, an inquiry into the question aforesaid shall be held by the Appellate Court, or, under the orders of the Appellate Court, by an officer of that Court.
(2) Where the applicant, referred to in rule 11, is alleged to have become an indigent person since the date of the decree appealed from, the inquiry into the question whether or not he is an indigent person shall be made by the Appellate Court or, under the orders of the Appellate Court, by an officer of that Court unless the Appellate Court considers it necessary in the circumstances of the case that the inquiry should be held by the Court from whose decision the appeal is preferred.]
ORDER XLV
Appeals to the Supreme Court
APPEALS TO THE 160[SUPREME COURT]
Rule 1. “Decree” defined
1. “Decree” defined.—In this Order, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context, the expression “decree” shall include a final order.
Rule 2. Application to Court whose decree complained of
2. Application to Court whose decree complained of.—161[(1)] Whoever desires to appeal 162[the Supreme Court] shall apply by petition to the Court whose decree is complained of.
163[(2) Every petition under sub-rule (1) shall be heard as expeditiously as possible and endeavour shall be made to conclude the disposal of the petition within sixty days from the date on which the petition is presented to the Court under sub-rule (1).]
Rule 3. Certificate as to value or fitness
3. Certificate as to value or fitness. —164[(1) Every petition shall state the grounds of appeal and pray for a certificate—
(i) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance, and
(ii) that in the opinion of the Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.] (2) Upon receipt of such petition, the Court shall direct notice to be served on the opposite party to
show cause why the said certificate should not be granted.
Rule 4. [Repealed.]
4. [Consolidation of suits.] Rep. by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1973 (49 of 1973), s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
Rule 5. [Repealed.]
5. [Remission of dispute to Court of first instance.] Rep. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
Rule 6. Effect of refusal of certificate
6. Effect of refusal of certificate.—Where such certificate is refused, the petition shall be dismissed.
Rule 7. Security and deposit required on grant of certificate
7. Security and deposit required on grant of certificate.—(1) Where the certificate is granted, the applicant shall, within 165[ninety days or such further period, not exceeding sixty days, as the Court may upon cause shown allow;] from the date of the decree complained of, or within six weeks from the date of the grant of the certificate whichever is the later date,—
(a) furnish security 166[in cash or in Government securities] for the costs of the respondent; and
(b) deposit the amount required to defray the expense of translating, transcribing indexing 167[, printing,] and transmitting to 162[the Supreme Court] a correct copy of the whole record of the suit, except—
(1) formal documents directed to be excluded by any 168[Rule of the Supreme Court] in force for the time being;
(2) papers which the parties agree to exclude;
(3) accounts, or portions of accounts, which the officer empowered by the Court for that purpose considers unnecessary, and which the parties have not specifically asked to be included; and
(4) such other documents as the High Court may direct to be excluded:
169[Provided that the Court at the time of granting the certificate may, after hearing any opposite party who appears, order on the ground of special hardship that some other form of security may be furnished:
Provided further, that no adjournment shall be granted to an opposite party to contest the nature of such security.]
170* * * * *
Rule 8. Admission of appeal and procedure thereon
8. Admission of appeal and procedure thereon.—Where such security has been furnished and deposit made to the satisfaction of the Court, the court shall—
(a) declare the appeal admitted,
(b) give notice thereof to the respondent,
(c) transmit to 171[the Supreme Court] under the seal of the Court a correct copy of the said record, except as aforesaid, and
(d) give to either party one or more authenticated copies of any of the papers in the suit on his applying therefore and paying the reasonable expenses incurred in preparing them.
Rule 9. Revocation of acceptance of security
9. Revocation of acceptance of security.—At any time before the admission of the appeal the Court
may, upon cause shown, revoke the acceptance of any such security, and make further directions thereon.
Rule 9A. Power to dispense with notices in case of deceased parties
172[9A. Power to dispense with notices in case of deceased parties.—Nothing in these rules requiring any notice to be served on or given to an opposite party or respondent shall be deemed to require any notice to be served on or given to the legal representative of any deceased opposite party or deceased respondent in a case, where such opposite party or respondent did not appear either at the hearing in the Court whose decree is complained of or at any proceedings subsequent to the decree of that Court:
Provided that notices under sub-rule (2) of rule 3 and under rule 8 shall be given by affixing the same in some conspicuous place in the court-house of the Judge of the district in which the suit was originally brought, and by publication in such newspapers as the Court may direct.]
Rule 10. Power to order further security or payment
10. Power to order further security or payment.—Where at any time after the admission of an appeal but before the transmission of the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, to 169[the Supreme Court], such security appears inadequate,
or further payment is required for the purpose of translating, transcribing, printing, indexing or transmitting the copy of the record, except as aforesaid,
the Court may order the appellant to furnish, within a time to be fixed by the Court, other and sufficient security, or to make, within like time, the required payment.
Rule 11. Effect of failure to comply with order
11. Effect of failure to comply with order.—Where the appellant fails to comply with such order, the proceedings shall be stayed,
and the appeal shall not proceed without an order in this behalf of, 169[the Supreme Court],
and in the meantime execution of the decree appealed from shall not be stayed.
Rule 12. Refund of balance deposit
12. Refund of balance deposit.—When the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, has been transmitted to 173[the Supreme Court], the appellant may obtain a refund of the balance (if any) of the amount which he has deposited under rule 7.
Rule 13. Powers of Court pending appeal
13. Powers of Court pending appeal.—(1) Notwithstanding the grant of a certificate for the admission of any appeal, the decree appealed from shall be unconditionally executed, unless the Court otherwise directs.
(2) The Court may, if it thinks fit, on special cause shown by any party interested in the suit, or otherwise appearing to the Court,—
(a) impound any movable property in dispute or any part thereof, or
(b) allow the decree appealed from to be executed, taking such security from the respondent as the Court thinks fit for the due performance of any order which 173[the Supreme Court] may make on the appeal, or
(c) stay the execution of the decree appealed from, taking such security from the appellant as the Court thinks fit for the due performance of the decree appealed from, or of 174[any decree or order] which 173[the Supreme Court] may make on the appeal, or
(d) place any party seeking the assistance of the Court under such conditions or give such other direction respecting the subject-matter of the appeal, as it thinks fit, by the appointment of a receiver or otherwise.
Rule 14. Increase of security found inadequate
14. Increase of security found inadequate.—(1) Where at any time during the pendency of the
appeal the security furnished by either party appears inadequate, the Court may, on the application of the other party, require further security.
(2) In default of such further security being furnished as required by the Court,—
(a) if the original security was furnished by the appellant, the Court may, on the application of the respondent, execute the decree, appealed from as if the appellant had furnished no such security;
(b) if the original security was furnished by the respondent, the Court shall so far as may be practicable, stay the further execution of the decree, and restore the parties to the position in which they respectively were when the security which appears inadequate was furnished, or give such direction respecting the subject-matter of the appeal as it thinks fit.
Rule 15. Procedure to enforce orders of the Supreme Court
15. Procedure to enforce orders of the Supreme Court.—(1) Whoever desires to obtain execution
of 174[any decree or order] of 173[the Supreme Court] shall apply by petition, accompanied by a certified copy of the decree passed or order made in appeal and sought to be executed, to the Court from which the appeal to 173[the Supreme Court] was preferred.
(2) Such Court shall transmit the 175[decree or order] of 173[the Supreme Court] to the Court which passed the first decree appealed from, or to such other Court as 173[the Supreme Court] by such 175[decree or order] may direct and shall (upon the application of either party) give such directions as may be required for the execution of the same; and the Court to which the said 175[decree or order] is so transmitted shall execute it accordingly, in the manner and according to the provisions applicable to the execution of its original decrees.
176* * * * *
177[(4) 178[Unless the Supreme Court otherwise directs, no decree or order of that Court] shall be inoperative on the ground that no notice has been served on or given to the legal representative of any deceased opposite party or deceased respondent in a case, where such opposite party or respondent did not appear either at the hearing in the Court whose decree was complained of or at any proceedings subsequent to the decree of that Court, but such order shall have the same force and effect as if it had been made before the death took place.]
Rule 16. Appeal from order relating to execution
16. Appeal from order relating to execution.—The orders made by the Court which executes the 179[decree or order] of 180[the Supreme Court], relating to such execution, shall be appealable in the same manner and subject to the same rules as the orders of such Court relating to the execution of its own decrees.
Rule 17. [Repealed.]
17. [Appeals to Federal Court.] Rep. by the Federal Act, 1941 (21 of 1941), s. 2.
State Amendment
Uttar Pradesh
Amendment of Order XLV. In the First Schedule, in Order XLV, in rule 2, after sub- rule (2), the following sub-rule shall be inserted, namely :—
“(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule (1), whoever desires to appeal to the Supreme Court, may apply orally to the Court whose decree is to be complained of, immediately before or
after the pronouncement of the judgment by the Court, for a certificate contemplated in sub-rule (1) of rule 3, and the Court may either grant or refuse the certificate, or direct the applicant to file a petition as required by sub-rule (1) ;
Provided that if an oral application is entertained and rejected, no written petition under sub-rule (1) shall lie.”
[Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 56 of 1957, s. 14]
ORDER XLVI
Reference
REFERENCE
Rule 1. Reference of question to High Court
1. Reference of question to High Court.—Where, before or on the hearing of a suit or an appeal in which the decree is not subject to appeal, or where, in the execution of any such decree, any question of law or usage having the force of law arises, on which the Court trying the suit or appeal, or executing the decree, entertains reasonable doubt, the Court may, either of its own motion or on the application of any of the parties, draw up a statement of the facts of the case and the point on which doubt is entertained, and refer such statement with its own opinion on the point for the decision of the High Court.
Rule 2. Court may pass decree contingent upon decision of High Court
2. Court may pass decree contingent upon decision of High Court.—The Court may either stay the proceedings or proceed in the case notwithstanding such reference, and may pass a decree or make an order contingent upon the decision of the High Court on the point referred:
But no decree or order shall be executed in any case in which such reference is made until the receipt of a copy of the judgment of the High Court upon the reference.
Rule 3. Judgment of High Court to be transmitted, and case disposed of accordingly
3. Judgment of High Court to be transmitted and case disposed of accordingly.—The High Court, after hearing the parties if they appear and desire to be heard, shall decide the point so referred, and shall transmit a copy of its judgment, under the signature of the Registrar, to the Court by which the reference was made; and such Court shall, on the receipt thereof, proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with the decision of the High Court.
Rule 4. Costs of reference to High Court
4. Cost of reference to High Court.—The costs (if any) consequent on a reference for the decision of the High Court shall be costs in the case.
Rule 4A. Reference to High Court under proviso to section 113
181[4A. Reference to High Court under proviso to section 113.—The provisions of rules 2, 3 and 4 shall apply to any reference by the Court under the proviso to section 113 as they apply to a reference under rule 1; and]
Rule 5. Power to alter, etc., decree of Court making reference
5. Power to alter, etc., decree of Court making reference.—Where a case is referred to the High Court under rule 181[or under the proviso to section 113], the High Court may return the case for amendment, and may alter, cancel or set aside any decree or order which the Court making the reference has passed or made in the case out of which the reference arose, and make such order as it thinks fit.
Rule 6. Power to refer to High Court questions as to jurisdiction in small causes
6. Power to refer to High Court questions as to jurisdiction in small causes.—(1) Where at any time before judgment a Court in which a suit has been instituted doubts whether the suit is cognizable by a Court of Small Causes or is not so cognizable, it may submit the record to the High Court with a statement of its reasons for the doubt as to the nature of the suit.
(2) On receiving the record and statement, the High Court may order the Court either to proceed with the suit or to return the plaint for presentation to such other Court as it may in its order declare to be competent to take cognizance of the suit.
Rule 7. Power to District Court to submit for revision proceeding had under mistake as to jurisdiction in small causes
7. Power to District Court to submit for revision proceeding had under mistake as to jurisdiction in small causes.—(1) Where it appears to a District Court that a Court subordinate thereto has, by reason of erroneously holding a suit to be cognizable by a Court of Small Causes or not to be so cognizable, failed to exercise a jurisdiction vested in it by law, or exercised a jurisdiction not so vested, the District Court may, and if required by a party shall, submit the record to the High Court with a statement of its reasons for considering the opinion of the Subordinate Court with respect to the nature of the suit to be erroneous.
(2) On receiving the record and statement the High Court may make such order in the case as it thinks fit.
(3) With respect to any proceedings subsequent to decree in any case submitted to the High Court under this rule, the High Court may make such order as in the circumstance appears to it to be just and proper.
(4) A Court subordinate to a District Court shall comply with any requisition which the District Court may make for any record or information for the purposes of this rule.
ORDER XLVII
Review
REVIEW
Rule 1. Application for review of judgment
1. Application for review of judgment.—(1) Any person considering himself aggrieved—
(a) by a decree or order from which an appeal is allowed, but from which no appeal has been preferred,
(b) by a decree or order from which no appeal is allowed, or
(c) by a decision on a reference from a Court of Small Causes,
and who, from the discovery of new and important matter or evidence which, after the exercise of due diligence was not within his knowledge or could not be produced by him at the time when the decree was passed or order made, or on account of some mistake or error apparent on the face of the record or for any other sufficient reason, desires to obtain a review of the decree passed or order made against him, may apply for a review of judgment to the Court which passed the decree or made the order.
(2) A party who is not appealing from a decree or order may apply for a review of judgment notwithstanding the pendency of an appeal by some other party except where the ground of such appeal is common to the applicant and the appellant, or when, being respondent, he can present to the Appellate Court the case on which he applied for the review.
182[Explanation.—The fact that the decision on a question of law on which the judgment of the Court is based has been reversed or modified by the subsequent decision of a superior Court in any other case, shall not be a ground for the review of such judgment.]
Rule 2. [Repealed.]
2. [To whom applications for review may be made.]—Rep. by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1956 (66 of 1956) s. 14.
Rule 3. Form of applications for review
3. Form of applications for review.—The provisions as to the form of preferring appeals shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to applications for review.
Rule 4. Application where rejected. Application where granted
4. Application where rejected.—(1) Where it appears to the Court that there is not sufficient ground for a review, it shall reject the application.
(2) Application where granted.—Where the Court is of opinion that the application for review should be granted, it shall grant the same:
Provided that—
(a) no such application shall be granted without previous notice to the opposite party, to enable him to appear and be heard in support of the decree or order, a review of which is applied for; and
(b) no such application shall be granted on the ground of discovery of new matter or evidence which the applicant alleges was not within his knowledge, or could not be adduced by him when the decree or order was passed or made, without strict proof of such allegation.
Rule 5. Application for review in Court consisting of two or more Judges
5. Application for review in Court consisting of two or more Judges.—Where the Judge or
Judges, or any one of the Judges, who passed the decree or made the order a review of which is applied for, continues or continued attached to the Court at the time when the application for a review is presented, and is not or are not precluded by absence or other cause for a period of six months next after the application from considering the decree or order to which the application refers, such Judge or Judges or any of them shall hear the application, and no other Judge or Judges of the Court shall hear the same.
Rule 6. Application where rejected
6. Application where rejected.—(1) Where the application for a review is heard by more than one Judge and the Court is equally divided, the application shall be rejected.
(2) Where there is a majority, the decision shall be according to the opinion of the majority.
Rule 7. Order of rejection not appealable. Objections to order granting application
7. Order of rejection not appealable. Objections to order granting application.—183[(1) An order of the Court rejecting the application shall not be appealable; but an order granting an application may be objected to at once by an appeal from the order granting the application or in an appeal from the decree or order finally passed or made in the suit.]
(2) Where the application has been rejected in consequence of the failure of the applicant to appear, he may apply for an order to have the rejected application restored to the file, and, where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from appearing when such application was called on for hearing, the Court shall order it to be restored to the file upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for hearing the same.
(3) No order shall be made under sub-rule (2) unless notice of the application has been served on the opposite party.
Rule 8. Registry of application granted, and order for re-hearings
8. Registry of application granted, and order for re-hearings.—When an application for review is granted, a note thereof shall be made in the register and the Court may at once re-hear the case or make such order in regard to the re-hearing as it thinks fit.
Rule 9. Bar of certain applications
9. Bar of certain application.—No application to review an order made on an application for a review or a decree or order passed or made on a review shall be entertained.
ORDER XLVIII
Miscellaneous
MISCELLANEOUS
Rule 1. Process to be served at expense of party issuing. Costs of service
1. Process to be served at expense of party issuing.—(1) Every process issued under this Code shall be served at the expense of the party on whose behalf it is issued, unless the Court otherwise directs.
(2) Costs of service.—The court-fee chargeable for such service shall be paid within a time to be fixed-before the process is issued.
Rule 2. Orders and notices how served
2. Orders and notices how served.—All orders, notices and other documents required by this Code to be given to or served on any person shall be served in the manner provided for the service of summons.
Rule 3. Use of forms in appendices
3. Use of forms in appendices.—The Forms given in the appendices, with such variation as the circumstances or each case may require, shall be used for the purposes therein mentioned.
ORDER XLIX
Chartered High Courts
CHARTERED HIGH COURTS
Rule 1. Who may serve processes of High Court
1. Who may serve processes of High Court.—Notice to produce documents, summonses to witnesses, and every other judical process, issued in the exercise of the original civil jurisdiction of the High Court, and of its matrimonial, testamentary and intestate jurisdictions, except summonses to defendants, writs of execution and notices to respondents may be served by the attorneys in the suits, or by persons employed by them, or by such other persons as the High Court, by any rule or order, directs.
Rule 2. Saving in respect of Chartered High Courts
2. Saving in respect of Chartered High Courts.—Nothing in this Schedule shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any rules in force at the commencement of this Code for the taking of evidence or the recording of judgments and orders by a Chartered High Court.
Rule 3. Application of rules
3. Application of rules.—The following rules shall not apply to any Chartered High Court in the exercise of its ordinary or extraordinary original civil jurisdiction, namely:—
(1) rule 10 and rule 11, clauses (b) and (c), of Order VII;
(2) rule 3 of Order X;
(3) rule 2 of Order XVI;
(4) rules 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (so far as relates to the manner of taking evidence) of Order XVIII;
(5) rule 1 to 8 of Order XX; and
(6) rule 7 of Order XXXIII (so far as relates to the making of a memorandum),
and rule 35 of Order XLI shall not apply to any such High Court in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
ORDER L
Provincial Small Cause Courts
PROVINCIAL. SMALL CAUSE COURTS
Rule 1. Provincial Small Cause Courts
1. Provincial Small Cause Courts.—The provisions hereinafter specified shall not extend to Court constituted under the Provincial Small Cause Courts Act 1887 (9 of 1887) 184[or under the Berar Small Cause Courts Law, 1905] or to Courts exercising the jurisdiction of a Court of Small Causes 185[under the said Act or Law] 186[or to Courts in 187[any part of India to which the said Act does not extend] exercising a corresponding jurisdiction that is to say—
(a) so much of this Schedule as relates to—
(i) suits excepted from the cognizance of a Court of Small Causes or the execution of decrees in such suits;
(ii) the execution of decrees against immovable property or the interest of a partner in partnership property;
(iii) the settlement of issues; and (b) the following rules and orders:—
Order II, rule 1 (frame of suit);
Order X, rule 3 (record of examination of parties);
Order XV, except so much of rule 4 as provides for the pronouncement at once of judgment;
Order XVIII, rule 5 to 12 (evidence);
Order XLI, to XLV (appeals);
Order XLVII, rules 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 (review);
Order LI.
State Amendment
Uttar Pradesh Amendment of the First Schedule.—In the First Schedule to the said Code, in the Order L, in rule 1, in clause (b) for the words and figures “Order XV, except so much of rule 4 as provides for the pronouncement at once of judgment”, the words as figures “Order XV, except so much of rule 4 as provides for the pronouncement at once of judgment and rule 5” shall be substituted. [Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 19 of 1973, s. 3]
ORDER LI
Presidency Small Cause Courts
PRESIDENCY SMALL CAUSE COURTS
Rule 1. Presidency Small Cause Courts
1. Presidency Small Cause Courts.—Save as provided in rules 22 and 23 of Order V, rules 4 and 7 of Order XXI, and rule 4 of Order XXVI, and by the Presidency Small Cause Courts Act, 1882 (15 of 1882), this Schedule shall not extend to any suit or proceeding in any Court of Small Causes established in the towns of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
Footnotes
187 footnotes from the official text, renumbered consecutively for this page. The grey number is the page of the official PDF.
1. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 73 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 179]
2. See now the Limitation Act, 1973 (36 of 1963), ss. 4 and 5. [p. 180]
3. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 73 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 180]
4. Subs. by s. 74, ibid., for rule 1 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 180]
5. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 74 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 181]
6. Subs. by s. 74, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 181]
7. Subs. by Act 66 of 1956, s. 14, for rule 1 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957). [p. 182]
8. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 183]
9. Subs. by s. 75, ibid., for “for the examination of” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 183]
10. Subs. by the A.O 1937, for “any civil or military officer of the Government”. [p. 184]
11. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 184]
12. Ins. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 29 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 184]
13. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the States”. [p. 184]
14. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75, for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 184]
15. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “civil or military officer of the Government”. [p. 184]
16. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 185]
17. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 186]
18. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the States”. [p. 186]
19. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 187]
20. Ins. by Act 10 of 1932, s. 3. [p. 187]
21. The words “the high Court is established under the Indian High Courts Act 1861, or the Government of India Act, 1915, and” omitted by the A.O. 1937. [p. 187]
22. Subs. by the A.O. 1937 for “its ordinary original civil jurisdiction”. [p. 188]
23. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 75, for “16, 17 and 18” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 188]
24. Subs. by A.O. 1937, for “the Secretary of State for India in Council”. [p. 188]
25. Subs. ibid., for “against the Secretary of State for India in Council”. [p. 188]
26. The words ‘or’ if the suit is against the Secretary of State, the words “the Secretary of State” omitted by the A.O. 1948. [p. 188]
27. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for rule 4. [p. 188]
28. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “Crown pleader” which had been subs. by the A. O. 1937, for “Government pleader”. [p. 188]
29. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “the said Secretary of State, for India in Council”. [p. 188]
30. The words “or the Government,” omitted by the A. O. 1948. [p. 188]
31. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 76 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 188]
32. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “Crown pleader” which had been subs. by the A. O. 1937, for “Government pleader”. [p. 189]
33. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “the Secretary of State for India in Council”. [p. 189]
34. Ins. by the A.O. 1937. [p. 189]
35. Ins. by the A.O. 1950. [p. 189]
36. The words “the Secretary of State or” omitted by the A.O.1948. [p. 189]
37. Cl. (b) omitted by the A.O. 1948. [p. 189]
38. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “the Government of India Act, 1935, or any Order-in-Council made thereunder”. [p. 190]
39. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 77 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 190]
40. Subs. by the A.O. 1948, for “substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Government of India Act, 1935, or any Order-in-Council made thereunder”. [p. 190]
41. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, “In sub-section (1) of section 205 of the Government of India Act, 1935”. [p. 190]
42. Subs. ibid., for “the Advocate-General of India”. [p. 190]
43. Subs. by the A. O. 1948, for “a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Government of India Act, 1935 or any Order-in-Council made thereunder”. [p. 190]
44. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “in sub-section (1) of section 205 of the Government of India Act, 1935”. [p. 190]
45. Subs., ibid., for “the Advocate-General of India”. [p. 190]
46. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 77, for rule 3 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 190]
47. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 77 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 191]
48. Ins. by Act 35 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch. [p. 191]
49. Ins. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I. [p. 191]
50. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., and Sch. I, for “or soldier” and “or a soldier”. [p. 191]
51. Ins. by Act 35 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch. [p. 191]
52. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “serving the Government”. [p. 191]
53. Subs. by Act 35 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch., for “a military or air force”. [p. 191]
54. Ins. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and the Sch. [p. 191]
55. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the States”. [p. 192]
56. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 78, for the proviso (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 192]
57. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 78, for rule 8 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 193]
58. Subs. by s. 78, ibid., for rule 10 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 193]
59. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the States”. [p. 194]
60. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 79 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 194]
61. Ins. by s. 79, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 194]
62. The words “to the minor and” omitted by Act 104 of 1976, s. 79. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 195]
63. Subs. by s. 79, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 195]
64. Ins. by s. 79, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 195]
65. Ins. by Act 16 of 1937, s. 2. [p. 195]
66. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 79 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 196]
67. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3. for “the States”. [p. 196]
68. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 79, for rule 15 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 197]
69. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 79, for rule 16 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 198]
70. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 81, for “Suits by Paupers” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 199]
71. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “pauper” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 199]
72. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for the Explanation (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 199]
73. Ins. by s. 81, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 199]
74. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 81 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 200]
75. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “pauper” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 200]
76. The provisions of this rule so far as it relates to the making of a memorandum are not applicable to the Chief Court of Oudh, see Oudh Courts Act, 1925 (U.P. Act 4 of 1925), s. 16 (2). [p. 200]
77. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “a memorandum of the substance of their evidence” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 200]
78. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “as herein provided” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 200]
79. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 81, for “pauper” (w.e.f. -2-1977). [p. 201]
80. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “other than fees pay able for service of process” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 201]
81. Ins. by s. 81, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 201]
82. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “Provincial Government” which had been subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “Government”. [p. 201]
83. Ins. by Act 24 of 1942, s. 2. [p. 201]
84. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “Provincial Government” which had been subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “Government”. [p. 202]
85. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for “or rule 11”. [p. 202]
86. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 2 for the rule 14. [p. 202]
87. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “pauper” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 202]
88. Subs. by s. 81, ibid., for “provided that he first pays” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 202]
89. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 81. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 202]
90. Omitted by Act 19 of 1988, s. 3 and the Second Schedule. [p. 202]
91. Ins. by s. 81, ibid. (w.e.f. .1-2-1977). [p. 202]
92. Subs by Act 21 of 1929, s. 4, for the rules 2 to 8. [p. 203]
93. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 82, for “the last preceding rule” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 205]
94. Ins. by Act 21 of 1929, s. 5. [p. 206]
95. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 82, for “the last preceding rule” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 206]
96. Subs. by s. 82, ibid., for “on application by him” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 206]
97. Subs. by Act 21 of 1929, s. 6, for rule 10. [p. 206]
98. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 82 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 207]
99. Sub-clause (ii) omitted by Act 66 of 1956, s. 14 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957). [p. 207]
100. Subs. by s. 14, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-1-1957). [p. 207]
101. Subs. by s. 14, ibid., for clause (b) (w.e.f. 1-1-1957). [p. 207]
102. Subs. by Act 21 of 1929, s. 7, for rule 15. [p. 208]
103. Rule 15 renumbered as sub-rule (1) by Act 104 of 1976, s. 82 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 208]
104. Ins. by s. 82, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 208]
105. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 83 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 209]
106. Subs. by s. 83, ibid., for “The agreement” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 209]
107. Subs. by s. 83, ibid., for “it was presented” (w.e.f. 1-2.1977). [p. 209]
108. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 83. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 210]
109. Subs. by s. 84, ibid., for rule 1 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 210]
110. Ins. by the Act 12 of 2012, s. 35 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 210]
111. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 84, for rule 2 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 210]
112. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 84, for rule 3. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 211]
113. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the States”. [p. 212]
114. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 85 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 213]
115. Subs. by s. 85, ibid., for rule 8 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 213]
116. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 85 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 214]
117. Ins. by Act 1 of 1926, s. 4. [p. 214]
118. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 86, for “defraud” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 214]
119. Ins. by s. 86, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 214]
120. Sub-rules (3) and (4) omitted by Act 104 of 1976, s. 86 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 215]
121. Ins. by s. 86, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 215]
122. Subs. by Act 37 of 2025, s. 3 and Sch. II for, “registered post” (w.e.f. 20-12-2025). [p. 215]
123. The words “after notice to the defendant” omitted by Act 104 of 1976, s. 86. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 216]
124. The words “after notice to the plaintiff” omitted by s. 86, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 216]
125. Ins. by s. 86, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 216]
126. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 31, for certain words, (w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 218]
127. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 218]
128. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 219]
129. Subs. by s. 87, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 219]
130. See order XXVII, rule 8A, supra. [p. 220]
131. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 31, for rule 9 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 220]
132. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 3, for “the States”. [p. 220]
133. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 31, for sub-rule (1) (w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 220]
134. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 220]
135. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 31, for sub-rule (2) (w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 220]
136. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 221]
137. The words “or rule 18” omitted by Act 46 of 1999, s. 31(w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 221]
138. Rule 20 re-numbered as sub-rule (1) by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 221]
139. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 222]
140. Subs. by s. 87, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 222]
141. Ins. by s. 87, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 222]
142. Subs-rule (3) omitted by Act 46 of 1999, s. 31 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002). [p. 222]
143. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 223]
144. Rule 30 re-numbered as sub-rule (1) by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 223]
145. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 87 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 224]
146. Ins. by Act 9 of 1922, s. 4, which under s. 1(2) thereof, may be brought into force in any State by the State Government on any specified date. The Act has been brought into force in Bombay, Bengal, U.P., Punjab, Bihar, C.P. Assam, Orissa and Tamil Nadu. [p. 224]
147. This rule is not applicable to the Chief Court of Oudh in the exercise of its appellate Jurisdiction; see the Oudh Courts Act, 1925 (U.P. 4 of 1925), s. 16(3). [p. 224]
148. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 88 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 225]
149. Ins. by s. 89, ibid (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 225]
150. Cls. (b), (e), (g), (h), (m), (o) and (v) omitted by s. 89, ibid, (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 225]
151. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 89 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 226]
152. Clauses (b), (e), (g), (h), (m), (o) and (v) omitted by s. 89, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 226]
153. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 90, ibid., for “pauper appeals” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 226]
154. Subs. by s. 90, ibid., for “as pauper” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 226]
155. Rule 1 re-numbered as sub-rule (1) by Act 66 of 1956, s. 14. [p. 226]
156. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 90, for “pauper” and “paupers” respectively (w.e.f. 1-2-1977), [p. 226]
157. Proviso omitted by Act 66 of 1956, s. 14. [p. 226]
158. Sub-rule (2) ins. by s. 14, ibid. and omitted by Act 104 of 1976, s. 90 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 226]
159. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 90, for rule 2 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 226]
160. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “King-in-Council”. [p. 227]
161. Rule 2 re-numbered as sub-rule (1) of that rule by Act 104 of 1976, s. 91 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 227]
162. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for "His Majesty in Council". [p. 227]
163. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 91 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 227]
164. Subs. by Act 49 of 1973, s. 4, for sub-rule (1). [p. 227]
165. Subs. by Act 26 of 1920, s. 3, for “six months”. [p. 227]
166. Ins. by s. 3, ibid. [p. 227]
167. Ins. by the A.O. 1950. [p. 227]
168. Subs., ibid., for “order of His Majesty in Council”. [p. 227]
169. Added by Act 26 of 1920, s. 3. [p. 228]
170. Sub-rule (2) omitted by the A.O. 1950. [p. 228]
171. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “His Majesty in Council”. [p. 228]
172. Ins. by Act 26 of 1920, s. 4. [p. 228]
173. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “His Majesty in Council”. [p. 229]
174. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “any order”. [p. 229]
175. Subs. by ibid., for “order”. [p. 229]
176. Sub-rule (3) omitted by the A.O. 1950. [p. 229]
177. Ins. by Act 26 of 1920, s. 5. [p. 230]
178. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “Unless His Majesty in Council is pleased otherwise to direct, no order of His Majesty in Council”. [p. 230]
179. Subs. ibid., for “order”. [p. 230]
180. Subs. ibid., for “His Majesty in Council”. [p. 230]
181. Ins. by Act 24 of 1951, s. 2. [p. 231]
182. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 92 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 232]
183. Subs. by s. 92, ibid., for sub-rule (1) (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). [p. 232]
184. Ins. by Act 4 of 1941, s. 2, and Sch. III. [p. 233]
185. Subs. by s. 2, and Sch. III, ibid., for “under that Act”. [p. 233]
186. Ins. by Act 2 of 1951, s. 18. [p. 233]
187. Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956, for “Part B States”. [p. 233]
Disclaimer: This page is provided for information and study. It is not legal advice and no lawyer-client relationship arises from reading it. A Code is amended from time to time and State amendments may change how a provision operates in a particular State. Always verify against the current official text before relying on any provision in a filing or an opinion.
Source: The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act No. 5 of 1908), official text as on 10 January 2026 published by the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. The bare text of an Act is a Government work under section 2(k) of the Copyright Act, 1957 and its reproduction is permitted. The arrangement of this page, the index and the editorial notes are original work.
